Effect of Insecticide Regimens on Biological Control of the Tarnished Plant Bug,Lygus lineolaris, byPeristenusspp. in New York State Apple Orchards

Many chemical, environmental, and physiological factors have been reported to be important to apple chemical thinning, so we have been developing a multi-site and multi-year database of chemical thinning results and potentially important factors. For 3 years, we have conducted replicated thinning trials in `Empire' and `McIntosh' apple orchards at six or seven sites around New York state in different climatic regions. Different concentrations of NAA and Accel (primarily benzyladenine), NAA/carbaryl and Accel/carbaryl combinations and unthinned controls were tested with treatments applied at the 10-mm king fruit stage by airblast sprayers. Flower cluster counts, set counts, yields, fruit sizes, and other factors thought important to thinning response (orchard condition/history, weather, application conditions, etc.) were measured or estimated in each trial. Analysis of factor importance is continuing, but some general results have come from the thinning trials so far. Thinning effectiveness varied among years from poor to adequate. There have not been consistent thinner concentration responses. Commercial NAA and Accel concentrations have not thinned adequately. NAA/carbaryl and Accel/carbaryl have thinned the most. For the same crop load, trees thinned with Accel or the carbaryl combination have had better fruit size than when thinned with NAA.

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SUBFREEZING EGGS OF LAMBDINA PELLUCIDARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) ALTERS STATUS AS FACTITIOUS HOST FOR OOENCYRTUS ENNOMOPHAGUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent113775-8 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 113 (8) ◽

pp. 775-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. T. Drooz

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Biological Control ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Mass Production ◽

New York State ◽

Host Material ◽

Suitable Host ◽

York State ◽

Egg Parasite ◽

Factitious Host

The egg parasite Ooencyrtus ennomophagus Yoshimoto (1975) is a good candidate for the biological control of certain defoliators. In 3 years it eliminated an outbreak of the elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignarius (Hübner), that reached from southeastern New York State across Connecticut and into Rhode Island (Kaya and Anderson 1974). Timely biological control, however, requires maintenance of parasite cultures in a laboratory for mass production when the need arises. Adults of O. ennomophagus live for about 3 months in the laboratory, but supplying them with suitable host material has been a problem. Drooz and Solomon (1980) found that the eggs of the factitious host, the notodontid Clostera inclusa (Hübner), could be stored at −10°C for a month and used for culturing O. ennomophagus. Tests under way indicate that the eggs may be stored longer than 12 months. I report here the development of O. ennomophagus in eggs kept at −10°C but not in fresh eggs of the pine looper, Lambdina pellucidaria (Grote and Robinson). The results indicate a potential for rearing parasites on treated eggs of non-host insects, if the need arises.

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Homologous Streptomycin Resistance Gene Present among Diverse Gram-Negative Bacteria in New York State Apple Orchards

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.57.2.486-491.1991 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 486-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

John L. Norelli ◽

Thomas J. Burr ◽

Adriana M. Lo Cicero ◽

Mathew T. Gilbert ◽

Barbara H. Katz

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

New York State ◽

Streptomycin Resistance ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Apple Orchards ◽

Gram Negative ◽

York State

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NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF NEW YORK STATE APPLE ORCHARDS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.255a ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 255A-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Warren C Stiles ◽

Michael Rutzke

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pest Management ◽

New York State ◽

Management Program ◽

Age Effects ◽

Tree Age ◽

Apple Orchards ◽

Leaf Sample ◽

York State

A total of 3850 leaf samples from commercial apple orchards located throughout New York State were submitted for analysis during the 1989-1992 seasons. These included 2583 samples from mature, 968 from young bearing age, and 299 from young nonbearing orchards. Percentages of samples (all ages and all varieties combined) found to be below currently recommended levels were: Zn 75%, Cu 74%, B 68%, Ca 63%, K 60%, Mg 60%, Mn 38%, Fe 19%, N 15%, and P 8%. Percentages of samples found to be above currently recommended levels were: N 21%: Zn 16%, Mn 13%, K 6%, B 4%, Mg 2%, Cu <1 %, and P <l %. Major problems consist of shortages of Zn, Cu, B, Ca, K, and Mg in 60% or more of all samples analyzed. Seasonal, varietal, pest management program, and tree age effects were apparent in the results, indicating that these factors must be considered in interpreting results of leaf sample analyses into recommendations for fertilization programs.

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