THE RESPONSE OF THE MAMMARY GLAND OF THE MALE MOUSE TO PROGESTERONE AND HUMAN MAMMOTROPHIC SUBSTANCES

SUMMARY 1. Five strains of mice primarily insensitive to mammotrophic substances in human urine and anterior pituitary gland were all equally sensitive to the mammotrophic action of progesterone. The sensitive Strong A 2 strain also reacted to progesterone. The reaction in this strain was somewhat enhanced when compared with the other five strains. 2. Two insensitive strains became responsive to the human mammotrophic substances after treatment with progesterone. The response to human whole anterior pituitary substance after progesterone was present and enhanced in the sensitive Strong A 2 strain. 3. A preparation of human growth hormone produced a mammotrophic response in the mouse similar to that of human whole pituitary. Within the limits of the experiment the major mammotrophic potency of the pituitary appeared to be extracted in the growth hormone fraction.

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Galanin within the Normal and Hyperplastic Anterior Pituitary Gland: Localization, Secretion, and Functional Analysis in Normal and Human Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Transgenic Mice*

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo.140.4.6648 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 140 (4) ◽

pp. 1789-1799 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joseph P. Moore ◽

Aihua Cai ◽

Bruce E. Maley ◽

Lothar Jennes ◽

James F. Hyde

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Functional Analysis ◽

Transgenic Mice ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Human Growth ◽

Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽

Releasing Hormone

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Galanin gene expression is increased in the anterior pituitary gland of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone transgenic mouse.

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo.134.5.7512494 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 134 (5) ◽

pp. 2005-2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J P Moore ◽

D G Morrison ◽

J F Hyde

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Transgenic Mouse ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Human Growth ◽

Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽

Releasing Hormone

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Effects of a fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor in normal and 'Little' mice

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1060001 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

R. G. Clark ◽

I. C. A. F. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Human Growth Hormone ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Human Growth ◽

Body Growth ◽

Stimulus Secretion Coupling ◽

And Storage ◽

Little Mouse

ABSTRACT The 'Little' mouse is characterized by a body growth rate 60% of normal due to a defect in the synthesis and storage of GH in the anterior pituitary gland. We have now investigated the effects of GH releasing factor (GRF) in these mice and in normal animals. The pituitary GH content in Little mice was only 4% of that in normal C57: +/+ mice, and was not affected by twice daily i.p. injections of human (h) GRF1-29NH2 (0·2−2 μg) for 14 days. This treatment also had no effect on body growth. In anaesthetized normal mice, single i.v. injections of 0·1 or 2 μg hGRF1-29NH2 released large amounts of GH into the plasma, whereas this peptide was ineffective in Little mice, whether or not they had been pretreated with GRF. Therefore, although pituitaries of Little mice contain significant amounts of GH, this pool is not releasable by GRF. This suggests that the dwarfism in Little mice may be partly due to a pituitary defect in GRF receptors or their stimulus-secretion coupling, rather than a deficiency in hypothalamic GRF. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 1–5

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Functional maturation of growth hormone cells in the anterior pituitary gland of the fetus

Growth Hormone & IGF Research ◽

10.1016/j.ghir.2008.01.007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 379-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Haruo Nogami ◽

Setsuji Hisano

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽

Functional Maturation

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Posttranscriptional regulation of rat growth hormone gene expression: increased message stability and nuclear polyadenylation accompany thyroid hormone depletion

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.12.6.2624-2632.1992 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 2624-2632

Author(s):

D Murphy ◽

K Pardy ◽

V Seah ◽

D Carter

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Anterior Pituitary ◽

Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽

Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽

Growth Hormone Gene ◽

Gh Gene ◽

Rat Growth ◽

Pituitary Glands

In thyroid hormone-depleted rats, the rate of transcription of the growth hormone (GH) gene in the anterior pituitary gland is lower than the rate in euthyroid controls, and there is a corresponding reduction in the abundance of the GH mRNA. Concomitantly, the poly(A) tail of the GH mRNA increases in length. Examination of nuclear RNA from anterior pituitary glands of control and thyroid hormone-depleted rats revealed no difference in the length of pre-mRNAs containing the first and last introns of the GH gene. However, mature nuclear GH RNA is differentially polyadenylated in euthyroid and hypothyroid animals. We suggest that the extent of polyadenylation of the GH transcript is regulated in the cell nucleus concomitant with or subsequent to the splicing of the pre-mRNA. Experiments with anterior pituitary gland explant cultures demonstrated that the GH mRNA from thyroid hormone-depleted rats is more stable than its euthyroid counterpart and that the poly(A) tail may contribute to the differential stability of free GH ribonucleoproteins.

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