MODIFICATIONS IN OVARIAN AND PITUITARY FUNCTION IN THE HYSTERECTOMIZED PREGNANT HAMSTER

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. GREENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

SUMMARY When hamsters were hysterectomized on day 1 of pregnancy, ovulation occurred 17 days later. On day 12 of this prolonged pseudopregnancy, plasma levels of progesterone were approximately half of those of intact animals on the same day of pregnancy. The concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary of the hysterectomized animals was only half that of the pregnant group, but luteinizing hormone concentrations were similar. The massive proliferation of antral follicles characteristic of pregnant hamsters on day 12 was not found in the hysterectomized animals; injection of 20 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on day 12 resulted in the ovulation of 31 and 6 ova respectively, but priming the hysterectomized hamsters with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (before HCG) resulted in superovulation. After hysterectomy on day 9 of pregnancy, by day 12 there was a rapid decline in luteal activity as shown histologically by the onset of structural luteolysis and a concomitant fall in luteal weight, and luteal and plasma levels of progesterone. These effects were partially or completely reversed by daily injection of 1 mg prolactin on days 9–11. The results indicate that hysterectomy before the establishment of the placenta results in the sustained release by the pituitary of prolactin and gonadotrophins, but most likely at lower levels than in pregnant animals. However, hysterectomy on day 9 abruptly removes the placental source of a prolactin-like hormone and the pituitary cannot respond in time to prevent luteolysis.

IMMUNOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SIMILARITY BETWEEN HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND ONE OF THE ANTIGENIC COMPONENTS OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitri K. Shahani ◽  
Shanta Savur Rao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Antigen Present ◽  
Biological Similarity ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT Immunological investigations with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were carried out in order to characterize the antigens of HCG. Attempts were also made to find out whether HCG has antigens common to those of human luteinizing hormone (LH) and human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and also to ovine, bovine and porcine LH and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). The results of the immunoelectrophoretic analysis carried out have indicated that one of the three antigens of HCG seems to be immunochemically similar to the antigen present in human LH. HCG was not observed to have any antigens in common with ovine, bovine and porcine LH and PMSG as revealed by the tests carried out with antiserum to HCG. The combining power and the biological activity of the antigen common to human LH and HCG were not completely destroyed by heating the hormones at 100° C for 30 minutes. These were, however, destroyed by treating the respective hormones with 30 per cent hydrogen peroxide. Haemorrhagic follicles were observed when human FSH was injected into immature mice together with human LH. Such haemorrhagic follicles were also observed in some of the mice injected simultaneously with heated LH or HCG along with human FSH. The significance of these observations are discussed.

THE EFFECT OF UREA ON THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GONADOTROPHINS OF PLACENTAL, ENDOMETRIAL AND URINARY ORIGIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
PACHARA VISUTAKUL ◽  
E. T. BELL ◽  
J. A. LORAINE ◽  
R. B. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

SUMMARY Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) were incubated with varying concentrations of urea at different temperatures for different times. The luteinizing hormone (LH) activity of HCG was progressively destroyed with increasing concentrations of urea. The degree of inactivation was greater at higher temperatures but the time of incubation did not affect the results. The follicle-stimulating activity of PMSG was reduced at high urea concentrations; the time of incubation was without effect. Under the experimental conditions used the LH activity of HMG was generally destroyed to a greater extent than its follicle-stimulating hormone activity.

GONADOTROPHIN REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLANTATION IN THE MOUSE

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. BINDON
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Suckling Mice ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

SUMMARY Gonadotrophins were injected into mated hypophysectomized and suckling mice in an attempt to induce implantation. In these two classes of animal implantation is normally delayed by absence or suppression of pituitary gonadotrophin release. Antibodies raised against ovine gonadotrophins were injected into mice soon after mating in an attempt to inhibit implantation. Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) was effective in inducing implantation in both hypophysectomized and in suckling mice. This may mean that a gonadotrophin with the qualities of PMSG normally initiates implantation. Alternatively, PMSG may have been effective by virtue of its long half-life rather than any special hormonal attributes. Human chorionic gonadotrophin was ineffective in both types of mouse. Mixtures of ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (100 μg of each), injected daily for 3 days, were necessary to induce implantation in hypophysectomized mice. Implantation was readily induced in suckling mice by a single injection of FSH (equivalent to 12·5 μg NIH-FSH-S3) prepared from rat pituitary glands. Implantation was readily inhibited by anti-ovine LH. Anti-ovine FSH was ineffective but this did not cross-react with mouse FSH.

ANTIGONADOTROPHIC PROFILE OF ANTISERA AGAINST HUMAN GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Petrusz ◽  
C. Robyn ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Forty-two antisera were prepared in rabbits against human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human hypophysial gonadotrophin (HHG), human urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations. The gonadotrophic profiles of the antigens were previously characterized by bioassay, immunoassay and bioimmunoassay methods. The 25 most potent antisera were tested in statistically valid bioassays for their HCG and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) neutralizing activities as well as for their neutralizing potencies against the FSH-like activity present in HCG preparations. The anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios of the anti-HCG sera tested varied between 6.2 and > 254, while those of the anti-HHG, anti-LH and anti-HMG sera were close to 2. It was found that the total dose of immunological activity (anti-HCG neutralizing and anti-FSH neutralizing potency) rather than that of the biological activity administered to the rabbits was decisive for obtaining antisera with high anti-HCG and anti-FSH titers. Immunization with a highly purified HCG preparation (> 17 000 IU/mg) resulted in antisera exhibiting lower anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios than did immunization with partially purified preparations. A highly purified urinary LH preparation which did not contain any detectable FSH activity gave rise to antisera exhibiting anti-HCG/anti-FSH ratios of approximately 2.0. These highly purified HCG and LH preparations were shown previously to possess high anti-FSH neutralizing potencies (Petrusz et al. 1971b). Booster injections did not change significantly the quality or the titer of the antigonadotrophic sera studied. The HCG neutralizing potency of anti-HCG sera was approximately 3 times higher when assayed against a highly purified HCG preparation (> 17 000 IU/mg) as compared to potency estimates obtained against the laboratory standard of HCG (about 2000 IU/mg). It is suggested that consideration should be given to the establishment of standard preparations of antigonadotrophic sera. It is concluded that bioimmunoassays are more suitably than conventional bioassay methods for the assessment of the antigenic purity of human gonadotrophin preparations.

Follicular dynamics and secretion of inhibin and oestradiol-17β during the oestrous cycle of the hamster

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kishi ◽  
K Taya ◽  
G Watanabe ◽  
S Sasamoto
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Abstract Plasma and ovarian levels of inhibin were determined by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) at 3-h intervals throughout the 4-day oestrous cycle of hamsters. Plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol-17β were also determined by RIAs. In addition, hamsters were injected at various times with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to determine the follicular development. The changes in plasma concentrations of FSH after injection of antisera to oestradiol-17β (oestradiol-AS) and inhibin (inhibin-AS) on the morning of day 2 (day 1=day of ovulation) were also determined. Plasma concentrations of inhibin showed a marked increase on the afternoon of day 1, remained at plateau levels until the morning of day 4, then increased abruptly on the afternoon of day 4 when preovulatory LH and FSH surges were initiated. A marked decrease in plasma concentrations of inhibin occurred during the process of ovulation after the preovulatory gonadotrophin surges. An inverse relationship between plasma levels of FSH and inhibin was observed when the secondary surge of FSH was in progress during the periovulatory period. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β showed three increase phases and these changes differed from those of inhibin. Changes in plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β correlated well with the maturation and regression of large antral follicles. Follicles capable of ovulating following hCG administration were first noted at 2300 h on day 1. The number of follicles capable of ovulating reached a maximum on the morning of day 3 (24·8± 0·6), and decreased by 0500 h on day 4 (15·0 ± 1·1), corresponding to the number of normal spontaneous ovulations. Plasma concentrations of FSH were dramatically increased within 6 h after inhibin-AS, though no increase in FSH levels was observed after oestradiol-AS. These findings suggest that changes in the plasma levels of inhibin during the oestrous cycle provide a precise indicator of follicular recruitment, and that the changes in plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β are associated with follicular maturation. These findings also suggest that inhibin may play a major role in the inhibition of FSH secretion during the oestrous cycle of the hamster. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 169–176

IMMUNOREACTIVE LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND PROGESTERONE DURING PREGNANCY AND FOLLOWING GONADOTROPHIN ADMINISTRATION IN BEAGLE BITCHES

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwyneth E. Jones ◽  
A. R. Boyns ◽  
E. T. Bell ◽  
D. W. Christie ◽  
M. F. Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Plasma Hormone

ABSTRACT Immunoreactive canine luteinizing hormone (IRCLH) and progesterone were measured in the plasma of Beagle bitches. Changes in plasma hormone concentrations during pregnancy were similar to those seen in the non-pregnant animal during metoestrus. Administration of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) to anoestrous bitches induced oestrus. However, the duration of progesterone secretion was shorter than that seen in pregnant bitches. Treatment appeared to stimulate the secretion of IRCLH and in some animals plasma levels reached a maximum some weeks after the end of oestrus.

PRODUCTION OF ANTISERA AGAINST HIGHLY PURIFIED HUMAN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. THORELL ◽  
B. HOLMSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY Antisera were produced in rabbits against highly purified preparations of human LH (2000 or 10000 i.u./mg), human FSH (5500 i.u./mg), and human TSH (7·5 i.u./mg). Most rabbits produced antisera of high titre and high avidity. Cross-reactions were minimal between human TSH and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and between human FSH and HCG but marked between human LH and HCG. TSH and FSH also showed a constant but relatively weak cross-reaction. LH cross-reacted with FSH to a higher degree than did HCG. The avidity of the antisera was high. It was concluded that much of the lack of specificity recorded for glycoprotein antisera are effects of impure immunogens. Some of the true cross-reactions are probably explained by shared antigenic determinants of the β-subunits. Unadsorbed antisera could be used for assay of FSH and TSH in plasma from pregnant women.

scholarly journals Molar pregnancy and thyroid storm - literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Filipescu ◽  
Oana Alina Solomon ◽  
Nicoleta Clim ◽  
Amelia Milulescu ◽  
Andreea Gratiana Boiangiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Thyroid Storm ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Dilation And Curettage

AbstractMolar pregnancies results from a tainted fertilization process. Trophoblastic thyroidian hyper function is an unusual complication of a molar pregnancy. The degree of thyroid stimulation and the severity of clinical hyperthyroidism is directly proportional to HCG concentration. Human chorionic gonadotrophin is almost identical with TSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone, this analogy in the structure will cause cross-reactivity with their receptors. Hyperthyroid status can vary from asymptomatic hyper function to thyroid storm. Dilation and curettage represents the treatment for hyperthyroidism in molar pregnancy. Awareness of this condition is important for diagnosis and treatment.

SIMULTANEOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. ELLIS ◽  
R. A. DONALD ◽  
J. H. LIVESEY
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The Medical Unit, The Princess Margaret Hospital, Christchurch 2, New Zealand (Revised manuscript received 21 August 1978) The frequent clinical and research requirement for measurement of both plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has prompted the development of a simultaneous radioimmunoassay for these two hormones. The considerable advantages of a simultaneous method include an economy of plasma volume, assay reagents, test-tubes and, more importantly, the time required for radioactive counting and performance of the assay by technical staff. The latter two factors comprise a significant proportion of radioimmunoassay operating costs. This report describes a simultaneous radioimmunoassay based on the use of 131I-labelled FSH, 125I-labelled LH, anti-FSH serum M93 6873 (a generous gift from Professor W. R. Butt, Birmingham), anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) serum for LH measurement (Donald, 1972) and donkey anti-rabbit precipitating serum (Wellcome Reagents, U.K.) for separation of antibody-bound and free hormones. Pituitary gonadotrophin standard (LER 907)

ANTIGONADOTROPHIC PROFILE OF ANTISERA AGAINST HUMAN GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Petrusz ◽  
C. Robyn ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and human hypophysial gonadotrophin (HHG) preparations were assayed by two bioassay methods for their HCG or luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activities and by two bioimmunoassay techniques for their anti-HCG neutralizing and anti-FSH neutralizing potencies. The immunological activities measured by bioimmunoassays were expressed in anti-anti-units (AAU) according to Petrusz et al. (1971a). Seven of the HCG preparations tested showed a good correlation between their HCG, FSH-like and anti-FSH neutralizing activities. An increase of 1000 IU/mg in the specific HCG activity was usually associated with an increase of 1 IU equivalent of FSH-like activity and with an increase of 100 AAU of the anti-FSH neutralizing potency. Four HCG preparations did not contain any detectable FSH-like activity; also these preparations neutralized high amounts of anti-FSH antibodies. Two highly purified HCG preparations possessed a much lower anti-FSH neutralizing potency than was expected on the basis of their specific HCG activities. These observations seem to indicate that some of the components responsible for the cross-reaction with FSH can be removed from HCG preparations by physico-chemical methods. The anti-HCG neutralizing potencies of partially purified HCG preparations agreed fairly well with their biological activities. In highly purified HCG preparations the biological activity exceeded 2 to 5 times the anti-HCG neutralizing potency. The anti-FSH and anti-HCG neutralizing potencies of HMG preparations having FSH/LH ratios close to unity were very similar to their biological FSH and LH activities, respectively. One LH preparation, purified from HMG and lacking detectable biological FSH activity, exhibited a high anti-FSH neutralizing potency. The anti-HCG neutralizing and anti-FSH neutralizing activities of the two HHG preparations tested were some 3 to 5 times more than their biological LH and FSH activities, respectively. It is concluded that the biological purity of human gonadotrophin preparations has little relevance to their immunological purity.

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