Case studies on seismic assessment of historical buildings using advanced analysis

Seismic risk mitigation in existing buildings requires an engineering assessment of the current condition and expected seismic performance and an identification of possible deficiencies that should be addressed. For heritage and historical buildings in particular, there is significant benefit in using the most detailed analysis methods available to avoid the conservatism inherent in simpler methods and thereby minimise unnecessary interventions and more precisely pinpoint where strengthening is required. On recent heritage projects, Arup has used the analysis software LS-DYNA and a new material model, calibrated against experimental tests on unreinforced masonry components and buildings to carry out (or supplement) seismic assessments. The analysis method (non-linear response history analysis) is not new, but its application on detailed finite-element models of complex historic structures has previously been computationally prohibitive and requires significant analyst experience to deliver reliable results. This paper summarises three of these recent Arup projects: Woltersum Church (Netherlands), Procuratie Vecchie (Venice) and a building cluster in the historical centre of Appingedam (Netherlands). The case studies show that these analyses allow complex features of seismic performance to be considered, such as damage or modifications to the building over time, pounding (separate buildings colliding into one another due to seismic movements) and load sharing between adjacent structures.

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IoT Cloud Security Review

ACM Computing Surveys ◽

10.1145/3447625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1-36

Author(s):

Fei Chen ◽

Duming Luo ◽

Tao Xiang ◽

Ping Chen ◽

Junfeng Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Service Providers ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Security Analysis ◽

Cloud Security ◽

Future Research ◽

Security Risk ◽

Research Attention ◽

Cloud Systems

Recent years have seen the rapid development and integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. The market is providing various consumer-oriented smart IoT devices; the mainstream cloud service providers are building their software stacks to support IoT services. With this emerging trend even growing, the security of such smart IoT cloud systems has drawn much research attention in recent years. To better understand the emerging consumer-oriented smart IoT cloud systems for practical engineers and new researchers, this article presents a review of the most recent research efforts on existing, real, already deployed consumer-oriented IoT cloud applications in the past five years using typical case studies. Specifically, we first present a general model for the IoT cloud ecosystem. Then, using the model, we review and summarize recent, representative research works on emerging smart IoT cloud system security using 10 detailed case studies, with the aim that the case studies together provide insights into the insecurity of current emerging IoT cloud systems. We further present a systematic approach to conduct a security analysis for IoT cloud systems. Based on the proposed security analysis approach, we review and suggest potential security risk mitigation methods to protect IoT cloud systems. We also discuss future research challenges for the IoT cloud security area.

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Urban Seismic Risk Mitigation in Asia: Examples from Radius Case Studies

Earthquake Hazard and Seismic Risk Reduction - Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research ◽

10.1007/978-94-015-9544-5_6 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 49-67

Author(s):

R. K. Shaw ◽

F. Kaneko ◽

S. Segawa ◽

J. Sun

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Seismic Risk ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Seismic Risk Mitigation ◽

Urban Seismic Risk

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Modern Thought of Photovoltaic Technology in the Implementation of Transit Oriented Development’s Concept and Revitalization for Jakarta Old Town

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186501005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 01005

Author(s):

Bahri Saeful ◽

Purwantiasning Ari Widyati

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Case Studies ◽

Alternative Solution ◽

Modern Concept ◽

Historical Buildings ◽

Transit Oriented Development ◽

Modern Thought ◽

Photovoltaic Technology ◽

The City ◽

Town Area

The idea of this research is based on the development of the city which has a historical area, particularly Jakarta Old Town, which is become abandoned in some part area. The main problem of this research is how to implement of Transit Oriented Development’s concept for historical buildings within the historical area and modern thought using photovoltaic technology. By doing a precedent study of some case studies, this research will give an alternative solution for local government to maintain historical area by combining between old and modern concept. As an outcome, this research will give a solution how to use the technology of photovoltaic in the implementation of Transit Oriented Development for historical area particularly Jakarta Old Town Area in Indonesia.

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Seismic Performance and Deformation of Levees: Four Case Studies

Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2004)130:4(344) ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 344-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eugene A. Miller ◽

Glen A. Roycroft

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Seismic Performance

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Experimental Tests, FEM Constitutive Modeling and Validation of PLGA Bioresorbable Polymer for Stent Applications

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13082003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2003

Author(s):

Jakub Bukala ◽

Piotr P. Buszman ◽

Jerzy Małachowski ◽

Lukasz Mazurkiewicz ◽

Kamil Sybilski

Keyword(s):

Constitutive Modeling ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Material Model ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Rate Dependency ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Modeling Methodology ◽

Bioresorbable Polymer ◽

Modeling Strategy

The use of bioresorbable polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in coronary stents can hypothetically reduce the risk of complications (e.g., restenosis, thrombosis) after percutaneous coronary intervention. However, there is a need for a constitutive modeling strategy that combines the simplicity of implementation with strain rate dependency. Here, a constitutive modeling methodology for PLGA comprising numerical simulation using a finite element method is presented. First, the methodology and results of PLGA experimental tests are presented, with a focus on tension tests of tubular-type specimens with different strain rates. Subsequently, the constitutive modeling methodology is proposed and described. Material model constants are determined based on the results of the experimental tests. Finally, the developed methodology is validated by experimental and numerical comparisons of stent free compression tests with various compression speeds. The validation results show acceptable correlation in terms of both quality and quantity. The proposed and validated constitutive modeling approach for the bioresorbable polymer provides a useful tool for the design and evaluation of bioresorbable stents.

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Humanitarian supply chain strategies – a review of how actors mitigate supply chain risks

Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management ◽

10.1108/jhlscm-12-2016-0043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 82-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Marianne Jahre

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Case Studies ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Primary Data ◽

Main Concern ◽

Supply Chain Risk Management ◽

Content Type ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Supply Chain Risks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to link humanitarian logistics (HL) and supply chain risk management (SCRM) to provide an understanding of risk mitigation strategies that humanitarian organisations use, or could use, to improve their logistics preparedness. Design/methodology/approach Based on systematic reviews of RMS in SCRM and supply chain strategies (SCS) in HL literature, a framework is developed and used to review published case studies in HL. Findings The study finds that humanitarian actors use a number of the strategies proposed in the framework, particularly those related to strategic stocks, postponement, and collaboration. Strategies related to sourcing and procurement, however, especially those on supplier relationships, seem to be lacking in both research and practice. Research limitations/implications The study is based on secondary data and could be further developed through case studies based on primary data. Future studies should explore the generalisability of the findings. Practical implications Practitioners can use the framework to identify potential new SCS and how strategies can be combined. Findings can help them to understand the abnormal risks of main concern, how they may impact normal risks, and provide ideas on how to tackle trade-offs between different risks. Social implications The results can support improvements in humanitarian supply chains, which will provide affected people with rapid, cost-efficient, and better-adapted responses. Originality/value The paper connects SCRM and HL to develop a framework and suggests propositions on how humanitarian actors can mitigate supply chain risks. Questioning the focus on strategic stock it suggests complementary or alternative strategies for improving logistics preparedness.

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Seismic performance of concrete structures exposed to corrosion: case studies of low-rise precast buildings

Structure and Infrastructure Engineering ◽

10.1080/15732471003588437 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (1-2) ◽

pp. 109-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Fabio Biondini ◽

Alessandro Palermo ◽

Giandomenico Toniolo

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Seismic Performance ◽

Concrete Structures ◽

Precast Buildings

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Use of Structural Steel Frames for Structural Restoration of URM Historical Buildings in Seismic Areas

Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami ◽

10.1142/s1793431117500129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (04) ◽

pp. 1750012

Author(s):

Vail Karakale

Keyword(s):

Structural Steel ◽

Seismic Performance ◽

Steel Frames ◽

Masonry Building ◽

Lateral Stiffness ◽

Historic Buildings ◽

Structural System ◽

Historical Buildings ◽

Structural Restoration ◽

Historical Masonry

Historic buildings and monuments are an important part of our cultural heritage that must be protected and their sustainability ensured, especially when earthquakes occur. In this paper, a technique that uses structural steel frames is proposed as one way of strengthening unreinforced masonry (URM) in historical buildings. The idea underpinning this technique is to reduce the earthquake displacement demand on non-ductile URM walls by attaching steel frames to the building floors from inside. These frames run parallel to the structural system of the building and are fixed at their base to the existing foundation of the building. Furthermore, they are constructed rapidly, do not occupy architectural space, save the building’s historic fabric, and can be easily replaced after an earthquake if some minor damage ensues. The proposed technique was applied to a five-story historical masonry building in Istanbul. The results of seismic performance analysis indicate that even though the building has plan irregularities, the proposed steel frames are able to effectively enhance the building’s seismic performance by reducing inter-story drifts and increasing lateral stiffness and strength.

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