MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PALMARIS LONGUS MUSCLE BELLY AND ITS TENDON: A CADAVERIC STUDY IN NORTH INDIA

Two cases of effort-related distal median nerve compression in the dominant forearm caused by a reversed palmaris longus muscle are presented. Simple resection of the muscle belly was performed. Carpal tunnel release was done in one case, but in retrospect this was probably not necessary.

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A Cadaveric Study of Palmaris Longus Muscle

Annals of International medical and Dental Research ◽

10.53339/aimdr.2022.8.1.23 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 175-179

Author(s):

SadiqaliAbbasali Syed

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Cadaveric Study ◽

Muscle Morphology ◽

Anterior Compartment ◽

Palmaris Longus ◽

Longus Muscle ◽

Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Formalin Fixed

Background: Aim: To assess the palmaris longus muscle.Methods:40 formalin fixed cadavers of both genders were included. Routine dissection of the upper limb was carried following the Cunnigham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. During the dissection of the anterior compartment of forearm, the Palmaris longus muscle was identified & carefully dissected.Results:Out of 40 cadavers, 22 were of males and 18 were of females. Morphology of Palmaris longus found to be normal in 18, agenesis in 6, fusiform in 4, hybrid in 6, bifurcated tendon in 5 and fleshy in 1 case. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05).Conclusions:Surgeon must be aware of the variations of palmaris longus muscle. Morphology of Palmaris longus found to be normal, agenesis, fusiform, hybrid, bifurcated tendon and fleshy.

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Non-adaptive evolution of the m. palmaris longus in the Homininae.

10.1101/015321 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Zach Throckmorton ◽

Nicole Forth ◽

Nathanial Thomas

Keyword(s):

Clinical Evidence ◽

Substantial Variation ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Muscle Belly ◽

Palmaris Longus ◽

Longus Muscle ◽

Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽

Double Muscle ◽

Different Populations ◽

Derived Data

The palmaris longus muscle is widely recognized for its notable variability in living humans. These variations include not only muscle belly reversal, distinct double muscle bellies, duplication and triplication, but also total uni- or bilateral agenesis (absence). A review of the literature and data novel to this study illustrate that different populations of humans exhibit remarkable variation in the frequency of palmaris longus agenesis, from less than 5% of Chinese to nearly 65% of Indians. Comparative dissection-derived data reveal substantial variation in palmaris longus agenesis (PLA) in populations of extant humans (H. sapiens), chimpanzees (Pan spp.), and gorillas (Gorilla spp.) - but not orangutans (Pongo spp.), which apparently always develop this muscle. From this pattern, we infer that palmaris longus is undergoing non-adaptive, stochastic evolution in the extant African Homininae, while it continues to have adaptive purpose in Pongo, likely due to the orangutans' greater degree of arboreality than the African apes and humans. Clinical evidence supports this conclusion, at least as it applies to humans. This study highlights the utility of comparative soft tissue data collection and interpretation in elucidating the evolution of anatomical structures that do not fossilize.

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Morphometric analysis of the palmaris longus muscle: a fetal study

Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) ◽

10.2399/ana.11.158 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6-7 ◽

pp. 42-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Necdet Kocabıyık

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Palmaris Longus ◽

Longus Muscle ◽

Palmaris Longus Muscle

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Clinical Significance of a Duplicated Palmaris Longus Muscle with One Reversed Muscle: A Case Report

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.4545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (C) ◽

pp. 177-180

Author(s):

Adegbenro Omotuyi John Fakoya ◽

Jordan D'Souza ◽

Andrea Mary Thomas Kallumadyil ◽

Tess McClenahan ◽

Allyson Talaroc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Anterior Compartment ◽

Muscle Belly ◽

Palmaris Longus ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Longus Muscle ◽

Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽

Double Muscle ◽

Palmar Aponeurosis ◽

The Right

BACKGROUND: Multiple variations of the palmaris longus (PL) muscle are reported throughout literature and include variations such as double muscle bellies, inversion of muscle belly and tendon, and the absence of the muscle. The muscle functions as a weak flexor of the wrist. It originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, projects as a superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm, lies over the transverse carpal ligament, and inserts into the palmar aponeurosis. CASE REPORT: Routine dissection of the right forearm of a 70-year-old Caucasian male revealed a rare duplicated PL muscle with the medial PL muscle being reversed. The left forearm appeared normal, with no such variations. The cadaver showed no significant pathological findings due to this variation. Innervation and vasculature of the variant muscle appeared normal. CONCLUSION: The PL muscle is highly variable, and clinicians need to be aware of its many possible presentations due to its involvement in surgery, symptomatic clinical presentations, and as an anatomical landmark.

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The Prevalence and Patterns of Palmaris Longus Muscle Absence in an Iranian Population

International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine ◽

10.32598/ijmtfm.v9i4.26515 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 279-282

Author(s):

Mehdi Forouzesh ◽

Abdolrazagh Barzegar ◽

Fardin Fallah

Keyword(s):

Gender Difference ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Tendon Graft ◽

Iranian Population ◽

Geographical Variability ◽

Palmaris Longus ◽

Longus Muscle ◽

Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

Palmaris Longus (PL) is a muscle of the forearm, i.e., not functionally necessary and does not exist in all people. It is a choice for tendon graft and investigating its prevalence is of clinical importance. During April-October 2009, 102 cadavers (78 males, 24 females) were bilaterally necropsied for PL exploration in Zanjan City, Iran. PL Absence (PLA) was observed in 37 (36.3%) cases (28 males, 9 females). PLA prevalence was similar in men (36%) and women (37.5%). Of PLA cases, 19 (51%) were unilateral (14 males, 5 females), and 18 (49%) were bilateral (14 males, 4 females). In conclusion, PLA prevalence of 36.3% in our population was similar to other studies conducted in Iran. We found no gender difference in PLA prevalence and its patterns. Due to geographical variability in PLA rate, future regional and national studies with more magnificent sample sizes are recommended to determine the prevalence and gender-specific patterns of PLA.

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