scholarly journals Modeling the behavior of direct current electromagnetic forces acting on a drop of liquid metal during electroslag remelting

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
I. V. Chumanov ◽  
I. A. Alekseev ◽  
D. V. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Electroslag Remelting ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Metal Drop ◽  
Liquid Metal Bath ◽  
Electrode Metal

The article presents mathematical and computer modeling of the behavior of liquid electrode metal drops during the process of electroslag remelting (ESP) at a constant current source. The study of the effect of electric field created by direct current allowed us to show the deviation of the drop trajectory from the electrode axis. The flow of electrons and drops of the electrode metal are exposed to electromagnetic forces, which leads to their displacement relative to the remelted electrode axis. This effect entails destabilization of the liquid metal bath and crystal heterogeneity. In turn, the use of external influence on the flow of ESR process can make it possible to stabilize the liquid metal bath even with the use of direct current. Centrifugal forces can act as such forces. They can arise when implementing the technology with the consumable electrode rotation around its own axis. To establish the optimal parameters of rotation speed, it is necessary to estimate the magnitude of impact of the magnetic field that occurs during direct current remelting process. The modeling was carried out using the Ansys Fluent 16.0 software package on the example of remelting 12Kh18N10T steel under the flux ANF-6. The algorithm for calculating of Ansys Fluent is based on the finite element method. In this paper, the mathematical apparatus was not changed and was used in its initial form. The method of magnetic induction was used. The database of information about the ongoing process was built on a grid of finite elements with certain, but sufficient level of adequacy and quality. Each element contains information about the model at a given point, specified for this modeling process. We have revealed the change in the trajectory of the electrode metal drop by electric field from the opposite direction along which the drop flows. The average length of the path traversed by liquid metal drop from the mold axis to the inner surface is from 5 to 15 cm. The motion of an electrode metal drop without an external magnetic field was simulated. This simulation made it possible to determine (estimate) the direction of movement of electrode metal drops and the indicator of necessary external force to stabilize the liquid metal bath during ESP process at direct current equal to 0.067 N.

Noncoalescent liquid metal droplets sustained on a magnetic field-circulated liquid metal bath surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 083702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Lixiang Yang ◽  
Yujie Ding ◽  
Pengju Zhang ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Liquid Metal Bath ◽  
Metal Droplets

CERROBASE Alloy

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Eutectic Alloy ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Drop Hammer ◽  
Industrial Material ◽  
Liquid Metal Bath ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Bismuth Lead

Abstract CERROBASE Alloy is a bismuth-lead eutectic alloy that melts at 255 F (124 C). It is characterized by initial shrinkage followed by slow growth. Its low melting temperature and/or growth-shrinkage characteristics make it a useful industrial material. Among many applications, it is used for (1) anchoring inserts in wood, metal or plastics, (2) drop-hammer dies, (3) duplicate patterns in pottery and foundry, and (4) liquid metal bath for heat treating. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting, forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Bi-11. Producer or source: Cerro Metal Products.

Stabilization of the Liquid Metal Bath during DC ESR

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
V. I. Chumanov ◽  
I. V. Chumanov ◽  
Yu. S. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Liquid Metal Bath

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE ROTATION ON ANISOTROPY OF PROPERTIES OF THE BILLET OBTAINED BY ELECTROSLAG REMELTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
I. V. Chumanov ◽  
M. A. Matveeva ◽  
D. V. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electroslag Remelting ◽  
Consumable Electrode ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Outer Perimeter ◽  
Hydrodynamic Environment ◽  
Electrode Metal

The article presents theoretical substantiation of the influence of electroslag remelting technology with rotation of consumable electrode on physicomechanical properties of the formed casting (billet). The technology of electroslag remelting with rotation of consumable electrode around its own axis leads to formation of upward flow of heat in the slag bath, making hydrodynamic environment in mold more rational from the point of using generated heat. During rotation of consumable electrode, centrifugal forces act on liquid metal film formed at the end of the electrode, providing radial flow of molten metal droplets. Subsequent separation occurs from the outer perimeter of electrode. Thus, drops of electrode metal fall into the metal bath closer to the wall of the mold, aligning temperature front of the bath. Decrease in temperature gradient of bath over the cross section leads to a flatter crystallization front. Studied technology of electroslag remelting with rotation of consumable electrode should have an impact on physical and mechanical properties of resulting casting (billet). In order to establish effect of rotation of consumable electrode during electroslag remelting on properties of metal obtained, experimental remelting was carried out. The article presents data on experimental electroslag remelting of electrodes of 20Kh13 grade steel using various technologies at A-550 unit. In course of experiment, influence of rotation technology of consumable electrode on conditions of remelting process, billet crystallization, changes in mechanical and physical properties was established. The influence of remelting method on complex properties of resulting billet was analyzed. As the main research tool, processing of the obtained data on microhardness, density, dendritic cell size of experimental samples was used. Analysis of the research results of billets in transverse direction showed an increase in microhardness uniformity in implementation of electroslag remelting technology with rotation of consumable electrode along the course of smelting. It is also shown that use of the rotation technology reduces size of dendritic cell of billet and increases density of the ingot formed in comparison with traditional technology without rotating electrode.

Experimental study on liquid metal free surface flow under magnetic and electric field for nuclear fusion

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Meng ◽  
Z H Wang ◽  
Dengke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
First Wall ◽  
Flowing Liquid ◽  
Liquid Metal Flow ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract In the future application of nuclear fusion, the liquid metal flows are considered to be an attractive option of the first wall of the Tokamak which can effectively remove impurities and improve the confinement of plasma. Moreover, the flowing liquid metal can solve the problem of the corrosion of the solid first wall due to high thermal load and particle discharge. In the magnetic confinement fusion reactor, the liquid metal flow experiences strong magnetic and electric, fields from plasma. In the present paper, an experiment has been conducted to explore the influence of electric and magnetic fields on liquid metal flow. The direction of electric current is perpendicular to that of the magnetic field direction, and thus the Lorentz force is upward or downward. A laser profilometer (LP) based on the laser triangulation technique is used to measure the thickness of the liquid film of Galinstan. The phenomenon of the liquid column from the free surface is observed by the high-speed camera under various flow rates, intensities of magnetic field and electric field. Under a constant external magnetic field, the liquid column appears at the position of the incident current once the external current exceeds a critical value, which is inversely proportional to the magnetic field. The thickness of the flowing liquid film increases with the intensities of magnetic field, electric field, and Reynolds number. The thickness of the liquid film at the incident current position reaches a maximum value when the force is upward. The distribution of liquid metal in the channel presents a parabolic shape with high central and low marginal. Additionally, the splashing, i.e., the detachment of liquid metal is not observed in the present experiment, which suggests a higher critical current for splashing to occur.

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