scholarly journals Investigation of pipeline failure in a thermal power plant’s process wastewater distribution system

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
J. Batelić ◽  
V. Špada ◽  
L. Liverić ◽  
S. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
Process Wastewater

Study of operation of natural draft cooling tower, with its hydraulic load reduced

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
A. I. Badriev ◽  
V. N. Sharifullin ◽  
S. M. Vlasov ◽  
N. D. Chichirova
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Natural Draft ◽  
Irrigation Density ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Air Flows

A survey has been held of a BG-2600 natural draft cooling tower of thermal power plants, in the reduced hydraulic load mode. The technical condition of the reinforced concrete tower, the skeleton frame, the irrigation device, the water distribution system and the air duct windows has been inspected. Defects of the cooling tower structural elements have been identified. These include: horizontal sagging of the irrigation device, considerable gaps between its blocks and their partial destruction, problems with nozzles and structures of air duct windows. The identified defects are attributed to the causes of irregular water and air flows. The degree of irregularity of irrigation density and air flow in the tower has been estimated. Over the cross-section of the tower, a significant standard deviation from the average value or irregularity of irrigation density (30%) and irregularity of air flow (23.5%) has been established. The temperature and cooling curves of the cooling tower have been plotted taking into account irregularities of irrigation density and air flow rate. Normal and defective sections of the cooling tower have been identified based on working characteristics. Standard characteristics of the BG-2600 cooling tower have been plotted based on a nomogram. A comparative analysis of the working and standard characteristics has been held. The degree of influence produced by irregularities in water and air flows on the cooling process has been established. It has been found that the established irregularities in water and air flows result in a decrease in the temperature difference on average by 2°C and a decrease of cooling capacity by 7.3 Mcal/m2∙hr with a hydraulic load of 8840 m3/h. The results indicate a significant impact produced by irregularities of flows on cooling effect. The tasks to eliminate irregularities in distribution of flows as well as to increase the tower cooling efficiency have been formulated.

Falling film evaporators in beet and cane sugar industry

2016 ◽  
pp. 708-712
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mesmacque
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Heating Surface ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Falling Film ◽  
Film Evaporator ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
Beet Sugar ◽  
Hydrostatic Head

The falling film evaporator has been widely used in the beet sugar industry for more than 30 years. This technology has been adapted and optimized for cane sugar factories addressing the increased risks of incrustation of the juice distribution system and heating surface due to an increased scaling propensity of cane juice. The developments carried out by Fives on falling film evaporator permitted the elimination of these problems. The absence of a hydrostatic head means that for the same thermal power, lower Ts are possible, especially for intermediate and last effects of the evaporator station. Thus, reconfigurations of the bleedings may be possible, achieving lower steam consumptions than can be obtained with other evaporator technologies.

scholarly journals Establishment of a large-diameter pipeline failure risk matrix in water distribution systems in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-367
Author(s):  
Kochin Huang ◽  
Paul Chuo ◽  
Kim-loong Lin ◽  
Mengsyu Yu ◽  
Chihpin Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Pipeline Failure

Abstract The bursting of large-diameter water pipelines in distribution systems will lead to industrial, economic, and public safety impacts. Therefore, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was applied in this study, which utilizes a series of quantifiable parameters to establish the mathematical method of a risk model. The risk matrix of a pipeline was defined as the multiple of the probability of pipeline failure and potential consequences of pipeline failure. By combining the GIS (geographic information system), each evaluation unit was assigned to different risk levels. The large-diameter (above 800 mm) pipeline length statistic for various risk evaluation units of Taiwan Water Corporation reveals the length of high risk is 171 km (7.7%), secondary high risk 574.6 km (25.8%), middle risk 714.3 km (32%), low risk 701.5 km (31.5%), and the unranked length is 67.8 km (3.0%). Finally, the detection frequencies were classified as high risk with a term check of every five years, sub-high risk with planned check every five to ten years, medium risk with checking/monitoring if needed, and low risk with quick repair and no need to take measurements and monitoring. Therefore, we can significantly lower the probability of bursting for large-diameter pipelines in the water distribution system.

scholarly journals Implementation of Pipeline Integrity Management in a Large Pipelines Network in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3019-3027
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Management System ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Pipeline Failure

Hydrocarbon pipelines are one of the key elements of the energy security system of a country, especially in a large country like India hydrocarbon pipelines are the backbone of the energy distribution system. While the operational reliability of such a system is important to ensure a sustained supply of hydrocarbon energy across the country, the continued structural integrity of the network is vital for public safety. Generally, pipelines are the safest mode of transportation of bulk hydrocarbon energy, but pipeline failure is not uncommon. Recent global databases on pipeline failure indicate that third party damage and corrosion are two major causes of pipeline failure though there are other reasons like poor construction quality; an incorrect operation etc., may also lead to pipeline failure. The extent of damage that a pipeline failure can cause depends on the extent of the release, for example, a small leak may not cause much damage if detected with a short period, while a rupture of the pipeline can release a significant amount of pipeline content and may cause significant damage to property and life. With a higher degree of public awareness and stricter regulatory regime, pipeline operators are having a relook into their integrity management system to prevent any untoward incident. Majority of the pipeline operator now realize that holistic approach taking together as much factor as possible could be a better approach to manage the integrity of the pipeline network especially a large network of pipeline spread across a vast country like India. This realization has led many pipeline operators to implement computer-based pipeline integrity management system. While this is a welcome change but implementation of PIMS across a vast network of pipeline built over a long period, with various technologies and having diverse engineering requirements have come of the challenges that the pipeline operator must overcome. This paper discusses one such case of implementation of the Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) in a large and diverse network pipeline in India and the challenges faced in the course of implementation. Authors feel that the case could be a good learning ground for those operators who are contemplating implementation of PIMS in their respective pipeline network.

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