Integrated management of chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard) through host resistance and fungicide application in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia

The primary producers of pulses are small-scale farmers with small and dispersed plots under rain-fed conditions with substantially lower yields of less than 0.9 t/ha as compared to the improved faba bean varieties and international yields. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which hampers faba bean production in Ethiopia. From biotic factors chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) is the major fungal disease hampering faba bean production in Ethiopia.). It is a highly prevalent and destructive disease, causing yield loss up to 61% on a susceptible and 34% on tolerant faba bean genotypes in the central highlands. But we can manage this economically important disease in manner which comprises all available diseases management methods in combination that is IPM (Integrated Pest management). So, the objective of this review work was to review available integrated pest management option for management of chocolate spot disease of faba bean in Ethiopia. We can control the disease by using different methods from these late sowing of faba bean, mixed cropping of faba bean with cereal crops and mancozeb spray reduced the disease and increased the grain yield and seed weight over sole and mixed cropping with field pea; also cereal mixing with faba bean has advantages over faba bean mixing with field pea. Suppressive effects can be ascribed to a combination of host biomass reduction, altered microclimate and physical barriers to spore dispersal. Also creation of a physical barrier in the form of non-host plants prevents some of the dispersed spores from being deposited on the host tissue by interception. In Ethiopia, study has revealed that the biological control agents for chocolate spot of faba bean and Bacilli are natural residents of faba bean leaves. Additionally recommendation have been given that, further study has to be done to explore the mode of action by bacillus subtilis against fabae.

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Management of faba bean chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) through varieties and fungicide application frequencies in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection ◽

10.1080/03235408.2021.1925516 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Muruts Legesse Wubshet ◽

Alemayehu Chala

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Fungicide Application ◽

Botrytis Fabae ◽

Chocolate Spot

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Integrated Management of Downy Mildew on Slicing Cucumber With Fungicides and Host Resistance But Not Trellising

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-19-0323-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (10) ◽

pp. 2592-2598

Author(s):

Anthony P. Keinath

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Host Resistance ◽

Management Practices ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Cultivar Resistance ◽

Fall Season ◽

Fungicide Treatment ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Management Techniques ◽

The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate fungicide applications, host resistance, and trellising, alone and in combination, as management practices for downy mildew on slicing cucumber. A split-split plot experimental design was used with three and four replications in spring and fall 2017, respectively. The whole-plot treatment was fungicide, four applications of chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik 6SC) alternated with three applications of cyazofamid (Ranman 400SC), or water. Split plots were nontrellised or trellised with four strings supported by stakes. Split-split plots were cultivar Bristol, which is intermediately resistant to downy mildew, or cultivar Speedway, which is susceptible to downy mildew with similar parentage as Bristol. In both seasons, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were lower with fungicides than water for both cultivars. In the spring, AUDPC for Bristol was lower than for Speedway regardless of fungicide treatment. In the fall, Bristol had a lower AUDPC than Speedway with fungicides, but the AUDPC did not differ between the two cultivars with water. The mean AUDPC for trellised plants (376.2) was lower than for nontrellised plants (434.0; P = 0.007). Fungicide applications increased marketable and total fruit weights in both seasons (P ≤ 0.0002). Marketable weight with fungicides was almost double (93% greater) the marketable weight with water. Marketable weight was 55% greater for Bristol than for Speedway in spring, but yields did not differ between cultivars in fall (season-by-cultivar interaction, P ≤ 0.0003). Because trellising had no effect on marketable yields (P = 0.11), trellising is not recommended for managing downy mildew on slicing cucumber. Of the three management techniques examined, fungicides had the largest effects on disease and yields, followed by cultivar resistance.

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