Every woman experiences an extensive fluctuation in HRV during her menstrual cycle and even after menopause. A woman who lives long enough will experience menopause as a normal physiologic event. The study of the influence of premenopausal and postmenopausal symptoms on HRV has not been adequate. During this period, health management is an important factor to be considered as it affects the entire quality of women life. Many women having diverse physical, behavioural as well as psychological symptoms at the time of menopause and even after the menopause. Thus, HRV analysis is an appropriate tool to examine the physiological effects of the menstrual cycle in young healthy women and the postmenopause in old women. This chapter intends to study the influence of the menstrual cycle, and postmenopause on autonomic modulation of heart with a perspective of signal processing approach.