scholarly journals On the Formation of Local Communities in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory in the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1065-1072
Author(s):  
Valentina N. Asochakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Chistanova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of the article is to consider the formation of local communities in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory in the religious migrant world. The authors refer to religious migrants as migrants who left their place of permanent residence in Central Russia and moved to Siberia in the 19th century in an attempt to preserve and spread their non-Orthodox religion. The authors analyse literature, sources from the Siberian archives, scientific articles and monographs on the life of religious migrants in other regions of Siberia and the Far East. The article gives a classification of sects, adopted by pre-revolutionary scholars, examines in detail the representatives of all faiths living in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory, namely Molokans, Dukhobors, Skoptsy, Catholics and Protestants, especially Lutherans, their number, farming conditions and interaction with local population. The conclusion sets out the reasons why local communities in the studied region did not form: the border location of the region, the indigenous population, which was just beginning to accept Orthodoxy, the fragmentation and small number of sectarians

scholarly journals “Our Position and Purposes on the Pacific Coast”: The Far East Development in the Perception of the Military Thinker P. F. Unterberger (1898)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1215-1227
Author(s):  
Konstantin A. Medvedev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article is devoted to the Russian military and statesman P. F. Unterberger and his views on the position of the Russian Empire in the Far East in the late 19th century. The source of the article is the P. F. Unterberger’s note, which demonstrates primary objectives of Russia in the region. It is a part of P. F. Unterberger’s fond in the Russian State Military History Archive (RGVIA). The note was written in the late 19th century and is noteworthy not only as a source, revealing aspects of external and internal policy of Russia, but as an attempt of a Russian general to make a project of the Far East’s development. Therefore, on the basis of his note, the article strives to assess intellectual tendencies and processes of the era. Of primary importance for P. F. Unterberger was military presence of Russia in the Far East. He pointed out that strategic importance of the region had significantly increased in the late 19th century. He saw one of the main aims of the Russian Empire in acquiring an ice-free port in the Far East. The need to connect the Far Eastern periphery with Central Russia prompted him to address the problem of transport development. Thus, P. F. Unterberger underscored the necessity of the Trans-Siberian Railway construction. He focused on relations between Russia and other states. P. F. Unterberger urged Russia to establish cordial relations with China, the biggest state of the Far East. On England, which also had its interests on the Pacific coast, he held a different view. Japan he considered Russia’s most dangerous enemy in the region. There are some results in the article’s conclusion. The note of P. F. Unterberger shows some intellectual tendencies of the turn of the 20th centuries. One of them was the idea of “yellow peril.” However, of most significance is the source itself. Such complex theories subsequently have become a part of the scholarship known as “geopolitics.”

scholarly journals ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SETTLEMENT OF THE KOMI IN THE YALUTOROVSK DISTRICT OF TOBOLSK GOVERNORATE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LOCAL POPULATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
A.Kh. Masharipova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses the issues associated with the settlement of emigrants from Vologda in a new place in the 19th century drawing on the analysis of archival sources, primarily paperwork materials. An extensive group of sources allowed us to trace and analyse the activities of government bodies, as well as identify the causes of emigration and main problems associated with the settlement in a new place. The analysis of archival materials was supplemented by field studies conducted by the Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS in 2005–2008 in the south of the Tyumen Region, where the descendants of the Komi settlers live (Zavodoukovsk, Yurga, Yalutorovsk and Yarkovo Districts). The settlement of Komi family groups from the Vologda Governorate is dated at the first third of the 19th century and is primarily related to the economic situation of the peasants (shortage of land, poor harvest, growing tax arrears). Most of the immigrants from Vologda settled in the Yalutorovsk District of the Tobolsk Governorate, having established compact settlements in Zavodoukovsk, Ivanovo and Pletnevo volosts. Due to a long period of land management works, the first settlers could not get a job for a long time. With the permission given by the Tobolsk State Chamber in 1841, the Komi-Zyryans settled in the lands of the non-indigenous Tatars (Aslaninskaya Volost), who traditionally used these lands in accordance with the cadastres, annually paying yasak (tribute) to the treasury. The culture, everyday life and the lifestyle of the indigenous population and immigrants differed significantly. Land management works caused great discontent among the indigenous population, which led to numerous land disputes. Difficulties and hardships of immigrants were reflected in the archival documents on the allocation of land and forest allotments, their use, as well as appeals to official authorities (complaints, petitions and legal disputes). When resolving the land dispute, local authorities tried to find a compromise and resolve the conflict through the allotment of vacant state lands. However, the Tatars demanded the return of the land given to the Komi settlers. As a result, the land was allocated to the settlers. As the proper conditions for the settlement were not created, in the following years they had to develop new lands, as well as to establish relations with the surrounding population. Later immigrants were settled on the excess land taken from long-term residents, who did not give it to the settlers and oppressed them. A lot of immigrants due to their plight made a decision to move to other governorates.

scholarly journals ‘DOMESTIC FOREIGNERS’: THE PROCESSES OF ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION IN SERBIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
Бојана Миљковић Катић ◽  
Љубодраг П. Ристић
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
The West ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Religious Differences

The paper analyzes the processes of acculturation and enculturation in the Principality of Serbia through the prism of the appearance of so-called domestic foreigners – individuals and groups that in legal terms should have been seen as the domestic population but were treated as foreigners in local communities. Although they were native to the same state (Jews, Muslims and Christians, settlers from the Ottoman Empire, resettled Serbs and members of other nations in the Habsburg Empire who had taken the citizenship of the Principality of Serbia), large parts of the local population were not accepted as parts of the community and were instead treated as foreigners. The reason could be their different patterns of life and work; religious differences; or their membership in a guild. Only those who had learned their trade or were members of the local guild were fully integrated and considered domicile, regardless of their nationality. Some newcomers were not willing to adopt the cultural patterns of the new milieu, particularly Muslims/Turks, Jews and Gypsies, as well as well-educated Serbian newcomers and natives educated in the West. The intensity of enculturаtion processes among Serbs and other Christians dropped in the second half of the 19th century, due to the integration of the society through the rise of the national concept.

The Reasons for the Emigration of the Korean Population to the Far East in the 60-70s 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
A.A. Komarova ◽  
V.P. Podolnikov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Korean Immigrants ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Special Relations ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article considers two groups of reasons that contributed to the emigration of the Korean population to the Far East in the second half of the 19th century. On the one hand, the resettlement of Koreans was facilitated by the internal problems of the Korean Peninsula, which included both the difficult socio-economic situation of the Korean peasants and a series of natural disasters that caused the majority of the population starvation. On the other hand, the migration legislation of the Russian Empire, aimed at the quickest settlement of newly acquired territories in the Far East, encouraged emigrants to choose our country with the promising benefits and desert fertile soils. The work also touches on the diplomatic relations of three countries (Russia, Korea and China), which were the prerequisites for the first Korean migration flows to territories belonging to the Russian Empire. The special relations of China and Korea are emphasized, as well as the main priorities of the foreign policy of Korea of that period, expressed in the so-called “closeness” of the country. The causes of economic and subsequent social problems of Korea are analyzed. The main stages of the annexation of the territories of the Far East to Russia are studied, and the attitude of the Russian authorities towards Korean immigrants is noted. It is concluded that there are a large number of unrelated factors that led to the subsequent migration of Koreans to the Far East.

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