Optimization of Location-Routing for the Waste Household Appliances Recycling Logistics under the Uncertain Condition

The location-routing problem is a research area that simultaneously solves location-allocation and vehicle routing issues. It is critical to delivering emergency goods to customers with high reliability. In this paper, reliability in location and routing problems was considered as the probability of failure in depots, vehicles, and routs. The problem has two objectives, minimizing the cost and maximizing the reliability, the latter expressed by minimizing the expected cost of failure. First, a mathematical model of the problem was presented and due to its NP-hard nature, it was solved by a meta-heuristic approach using a NSGA-II algorithm and a discrete multi-objective firefly algorithm. The efficiency of these algorithms was studied through a complete set of examples and it was found that the multi-objective discrete firefly algorithm has a better Diversification Metric (DM) index; the Mean Ideal Distance (MID) and Spacing Metric (SM) indexes are only suitable for small to medium problems, losing their effectiveness for big problems.

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Quantification of Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Generated by Household Appliances

IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials ◽

10.1541/ieejfms.129.627 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 129 (9) ◽

pp. 627-632

Author(s):

Kenji Tanaka ◽

Yukio Mizuno ◽

Katsuhiko Naito

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Household Appliances

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NIKROTHAL TE

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ni0710 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Turn Of The Century ◽

Heating Element ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Electric Resistance ◽

Household Appliances ◽

Nickel Chromium ◽

Heating Technology

Abstract NIKROTHAL TE is a member of the Nikrothal family of alloys, which are one of two main types of electric-resistance alloys. Nickel-chromium (80Ni-20Cr, for example), developed around the turn of the century, was used as heating-element material in industrial furnaces and electric household appliances. Nikrothal alloys offer advantages in heating-element applications requiring very good mechanical properties in the hot state. This alloy is an attractive alternative to Nikrothal Alloys 40, 60, 70, and 80 (see Alloy Digest Ni-529, September 1997). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming. Filing Code: Ni-710. Producer or source: Sandvik Heating Technology.

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