scholarly journals Hydrogenated Liquid Natural Rubber for Compatibility Enhancement of Poly(lactic acid) and Natural Rubber Blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3003-3014
Author(s):  
Mohamad Shahrul Fizree Idris ◽  
Nurfarhana Mohd Mustaffarizan ◽  
Siti Fairus M. Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Liquid Natural Rubber

Non-catalytic hydrogenation of liquid natural rubber (LNR) via thermal decomposition of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonylhydrazide (MSH) is reported in this study. Parameter studies of the hydrogenation reaction were performed by utilizing the combination of response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design (RSM/CCRD). The effects of each variable and the interaction between two variables (i.e. the MSH:LNR weight ratio and reaction time) were studied. Statistical analysis showed that the reaction time had significantly affected the hydrogenation percentage. A reduced quadratic model equation with the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9875 was developed. The optimized condition as predicted by the software was compared with the experimental data, which deviated in only 0.67, hence indicating that this model was reliable and able to predict the hydrogenation percentage accurately. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were used to characterize the microstructure of LNR and hydrogenated liquid natural rubber (HLNR). HLNR was then used as compatibilizer to improve the miscibility of poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber blends. With an addition of 4% HLNR, the tensile strength and impact strength of the blends were slightly improved.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature, Time and Diimide/Rubber Ratio on the Hydrogenation of Liquid Natural Rubber by Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Mohamad Shahrul Fizree Idris ◽  
Nur Hanis Adila Azhar ◽  
Fazira Firdaus ◽  
Siti Efliza Ashari ◽  
Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Liquid Natural Rubber

Hydrogenated liquid natural rubber (HLNR) was synthesized from liquid natural rubber (LNR) by thermolysis of p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH). The HLNR structure was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the HLNR had higher decomposition temperature compared to LNR. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with five-level-three-factors was used to optimize the main important reaction parameters, such as the TSH:LNR weight ratio (1–3), reaction temperature (110–150 °C), and reaction time (1–8 h). A quadratic model was developed using this multivariate statistical analysis. Optimum conditions for the non-catalytic hydrogenation of LNR using TSH were obtained; an LNR hydrogenation percentage of 83.47% at a TSH:LNR weight ratio of 1.41, a reaction temperature of 118.11 °C, and a reaction time of 3.84 h were predicted. The R2 value of 0.9949 indicates that the model provides data that are well matched with those from the experiment.

Effectiveness of cellulosic Agave angustifolia fibres on the performance of compatibilised poly(lactic acid)-natural rubber blends

Cellulose ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 3205-3218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Afizah Rosli ◽  
Ishak Ahmad ◽  
Farah Hannan Anuar ◽  
Ibrahim Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Agave Angustifolia

scholarly journals Tailoring toughness of fully biobased poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber blends through dynamic vulcanization

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Jie Si ◽  
Wen-Qiang Yuan ◽  
Yi-Dong Li ◽  
Yu-Kun Chen ◽  
Jian-Bing Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Rubber Blends

scholarly journals Poly(Lactic Acid)/Natural Rubber Blends

2017 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hajba ◽  
Tamás Tábi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Application Field ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
The One ◽  
Internal Mixer

Nowadays biopolymers are in the focus of many research and Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the one of the candidates of this field. The rigid behavior of PLA limits its application field, thus it is mostly used for rigid packing. Our research aim is to increase PLA ductility while keeping the biodegradability as much as possible. In our study, PLA was melt mixed in an internal mixer with 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt% natural rubber. It was possible to increase the toughness to a three time higher value compared to neat PLA while the tensile and flexural properties only decreased maximum 30%.

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