scholarly journals Diversity Policing–Policing Diversity: Performing Ethnicity in Police and Private-Security Work in Sweden

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 075-087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Hansen Löfstrand ◽  
Sara Uhnoo
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Ethnic Matching ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Police Authority

This article draws upon two separate studies on policing in Sweden, both investigating “ethnic diversity” as a discourse and a practice in the performance of policing functions: one interview study with minority police officers from a county police authority and one ethnographic study of private security officers. To examine how “diversity policing” and the “policing of diversity” are performed by policing actors, their strategic reliance on an ethnically diverse workforce is examined. The official discourse in both contexts stressed “diversity policing” as a valuable resource for the effective execution of policing tasks and the legitimation of policing functions. There was, however, also another, more unofficial discourse on ethnicity that heavily influenced the policing agents’ day-to-day work. The resulting practice of “policing diversity” involved situated activities on the ground through which “foreign elements” in the population were policed using ethnicized stereotypes. Diversity in the policing workforce promoted the practice of ethnic matching, which, ironically, in turn perpetuated stereotypical thinking about Swedish “others”. A conceptual framework is developed for understanding the policing strategies involved and the disjuncture found between the widely accepted rationalities for recruiting an ethnically diverse workforce and the realities for that workforce’s effective deployment at the street level.

scholarly journals Crime scene protection by private security officers

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Branko Leštanin
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Security Officer ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Security Officers

The exercise of authority by private security officers causes many controversies both in the domestic security system and abroad. Although the system of private security is not a new institute, being already known in almost all countries, the legal regulation has not yet been completed. The paper examines the legal regulation and the procedure for the exercise of the authority of crime scene protection. The introduction provides a brief comparative legal analysis of the legal systems of the neighboring countries and a number of other European countries. In the second part, the analysis of the legal norms leads to the basic principles for the enforcement of the authority by private security officers. The third part analyzes the power relating to prohibition of entry and stay in the protected facility as a potential authority that can be used as a basis for crime scene protection. In the fourth part, from the available literature and from the practical procedure, the actions of the private security officer during the crime scene protection in the situation when there is no explicit legal norm are shaped. It is concluded that from the aspect of legal regulation and enforcement of this authority, there are two types of legal systems, that the basis and limits of enforcement of this authority can be in criminal and misdemeanor legislation, that the tactics and manner of exercise correspond to these applied by police officers and that this power must find its place de lege ferenda in the systemic law pertaining to this area.

scholarly journals DO PRIVATE SECURITY OFFICERS NEED ADDITIONAL LEGAL POWERS TO HELP POLICE REDUCE CRIME IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaotse John Kole
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Management Level ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
South African Police Service ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
South African Police

There is a need for different stakeholders to work together to help the police combat crime in Gauteng, South Africa. Private security officers are usually well positioned to help combat crime because they can witness crime in areas where they are posted or are patrolling as response officers. Private security officers protect organisations (public and private) or individuals who are their paying clients. But they can only perform their duty as ordinary citizens, not as the police would. In looking at how these officers can be more effective, this article establishes to what extent private security officers need additional legal powers, and what powers would be suitable for them in helping the police combat crime.  Mixed methods were used in this study of 20 police stations and 20 private security companies in Gauteng. From top management levels in the South African Police Service (SAPS), 37 high-ranking police officers participated in the study and 30 high-ranking security officers from top management level of the private security industry (PSI). At the operational levels, 173 SAPS officers completed the questionnaires and 163 PSI officers. The findings show that the majority of respondents see no need for private security officers to be given additional powers to help the police combat crime. However, the few respondents who supported the idea think that the power to arrest, and stop and search the public, should be given to private security personnel. At the operational level, all respondents agreed that private security officers should be given additional legal powers to help the police combat crime. :

scholarly journals The State of Security Law Violations by the Private Security Businesses in Seoul and Countermeasures

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ju-lak Lee ◽  
Seok Lee ◽  
Jinsung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Private Security Companies ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
Private Security Industry

The private security industry in South Korea has grown rapidly since the cessation of the Korean War in 1953. The main duty of the private security officers in their beginning era was to simply protect the supplies of the U.S. military stationed in the country, but the number of people employed in the business has outgrown the number of police officers since 2001.Despite the quantitative development of the private security industry, the quality of the services provided by the businesses has not advanced sufficiently except for a few number of specialized areas because of the perception that the police should be in charge of the overall security of society in addition to the low crime rate in the country and the lack of safety awareness by citizens. This has also resulted in an overflow of under-qualified businesses. Moreover, the lack of sense of duty among the employees of private security has resulted in violations of the existing laws and regulations, which has hindered further development of the industry. In this study, the current state of the private security companies registered at the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency is examined in addition to the details of the Private Security Act and its breaches by the security businesses in Seoul area during 2013. With a basis on the findings, the causes for the violations are assessed and prevention measures are suggested.  

Classroom Cops, What Do the Students Think? A Case Study of Student Perceptions of School Police and Security Officers Conducted in an Hispanic Community

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Brown ◽  
Wm. Reed Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Predominantly Hispanic ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
School Police ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Perceptions Of School

Although the number of police officers serving in schools has escalated in recent years, few studies of student perceptions of school police have been conducted. This study presents an analysis of data on student perceptions of school police officers and school security officers which were obtained from surveys administered to a sample of predominantly Hispanic students who reside in a predominantly Hispanic community. Descriptive analyses of the data show that the majority of students view the officers favourably, but comparisons of the present findings with previously published research on adult perceptions of the police indicate that the percentage of students who view the officers favourably is lower than the percentage of adults who view the police favourably. Regression analyses of the data indicate that gender has a varying impact on different measures of attitudes toward the officers, that year in school has no impact on perceptions of the officers and that personal knowledge of crime and delinquency in the schools has a negative impact on perceptions of the officers. The regression analyses also suggest that race/ethnicity has no impact on student perceptions of the officers; a finding which is consistent with prior research on perceptions of the police conducted in areas with sizeable racial/ethnic minority populations.

STATE POLICING AND INVISIBLE FORCES IN MOZAMBIQUE

Africa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Maria Kyed
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Police Authority ◽  
State Police ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Post War ◽  
Spiritual Problems

ABSTRACTThis article explores how the state police in Mozambique tried to (re)encroach upon a former war zone and what their methods implied for state authority more generally. Post-war reform efforts to professionalize the police in accordance with the rule of law and human rights have had apparently paradoxical results. This is in part because efforts to constitute state authority have relied on both embracing and taming ‘tradition’ as an alternative domain of authority, order and law. Ethnographic fieldwork at police stations shows that the police increasingly handle witchcraft cases and spiritual problems. This, the article argues, does not only reflect a tension between local/customary and state/legal notions of order and justice. Equally significant is the existence of partial sovereignties. A spiritual idiom of power and evildoing constitutes an alternative articulation of sovereignty due to the capacity of invisible forces to give and take life. This is an idiom mastered by chiefs and healers. Police officers engage with invisible forces to gain popular legitimacy and manifest state power, and yet they never manage to fully master those forces. Consequently, state police authority remains uncertain, and must be continually reinforced by enacting hierarchies and jurisdictional boundaries and by using force.

Relations between police and private security officers: a case study of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Janković ◽  
Vladimir M. Cvetković ◽  
Saša Milojević ◽  
Zvonimir Ivanović
Keyword(s):  
Private Security ◽  
Security Officers

scholarly journals Social norm enforcement in ethnically diverse communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 2722-2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Winter ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
German Population ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Enforcement

Recent waves of immigration to Western nations have fueled a debate over the consequences of ethnic diversity for social cohesion. One prominent argument in this debate holds that diversity is detrimental to trust and cooperation because individuals in heterogeneous communities face difficulties in enforcing social norms across ethnic lines. We examine this proposition in a field experiment involving real-life interactions among residents of multiethnic German neighborhoods. We find significant ethnic asymmetries in the pattern of norm enforcement: Members of the majority “native” German population are more active in sanctioning norm violations, while ethnic minorities are more likely to find themselves the target of sanctions. We interpret these results in light of prevailing status inequalities between ethnic minorities and the native majority. We further calculate that, as a result of ethnic discrimination, social control is likely to rise in communities with moderate minority population shares.

Trials of loyalty: Ethnic minority police officers as ‘outsiders’ within a greedy institution

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Peterson ◽  
Sara Uhnoo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Minority Officers ◽  
New Recruits

In this article we interrogate how ethnicity interfaces with the police culture in a major Swedish police force. While addressing administrative levels, in particular police security officers’ screening of new recruits, we focus on the role that loyalty plays in defining how ethnicity interacts with mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion in the structures of rank-and-file police culture. The police authorities, perceived as ‘greedy institutions’, demand and enforce exclusive loyalty. We argue that ethnic minority officers are rigorously tested as regards their loyalty to their fellow officers and to the police organization, and the demands made on their undivided loyalty and the misgivings as to their unstinting loyalty act as barriers to inclusion in the organization.

Private Security Officers

2012 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Joseph Paolella ◽  
Dale L. June
Keyword(s):  
Private Security ◽  
Security Officers
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