Barricadas: sobre uma imagem fotográfica de Augusto Malta

Por meio do exercício de leitura de uma imagem fotográfica da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, tomada por Augusto Malta em 1908, no contexto da Reforma Passos, buscou-se trabalhar a inscrição da fotografia na cultura histórica — não como ilustração de uma narrativa textual, mas como uma “chave de acesso” para recolocar questões ao fotógrafo a partir da tensão observada entre o que sua fotografia retrata e o que efetivamente “dá a ver”. A inequívoca materialidade da fotografia em oposição ao idealismo histórico construído pelo discurso oficial. Palavras-chave: cidade; fotografia; memória. Abstract By the exercise of reading a photographic image of the city of Rio de Janeiro, taken by Augusto Malta in 1908, in the context of the “Passos Urban Renovation”, we sought to work on the inscription of photography in historical culture — not as an illustration of a textual narrative, but as an “access key” to reposition questions to the photographer based on the tension between what his image portrays and what it effectively “allows to be seen”. The unequivocal materiality of photography as an opposition to the historical idealism constructed by official discourse. Keywords: city; photography; memory.

THE DEMOCRATIC UNION PARTY (PYD) AND PEOPLE'S PROTECTION UNITS (YPG) IN TURKISH OFFICIAL DISCOURSE

This article explores the construction of the Syrian Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the People's Protection Units (YPG) in Turkish official discourse. In the article, I employ critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyze written texts produced during the years 2014–2019 that reflect the position of the Turkish authorities. The article sets out the main narratives that construct the PYD and YPG as terrorist organizations and posits them as a threat to both Turkey and the international community. The analysis reveals that these narratives serve the purpose of delegitimizing the PYD and YPG and legitimizing Turkish military operations and violations against Syrian Kurds. It highlights that the Turkish official position regarding the PYD and YPG is driven by two ideological factors: first, the influence of Kurdish autonomy in Syria on the action of Kurds in Turkey, and second, the barrier that the PYD and YPG have created against the Islamist agenda of Turkey's Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Syria.

Turkish-Greek Relations and Irregular Migration at the Southeasternmost Borders of the EU: The 2020 Pazarkule Case

In late February 2020, Turkish authorities declared that they would not avoid refugees who wanted to exit to Europe as a result of which Edirne faced another, this time massive, refugee movement in its history. Eventually, the flocking of hundreds and thousands of desperate people for the purpose of crossing to the European Union (EU) turned into a situation in which Turkey, Greece as well as the European Union involved. This paper investigates the Pazarkule case by analysing foreign policy concerns of both Greece and Turkey. It holds this foreign policy-migration nexus behind Turkey’s as well as Greece’s policy responses and introduces a comparative study by analysing both Greek and Turkish official discourse and sources. This research argues that although Turkey’s and Greece’s refugee policy responses seem to be quite different, they actually have similar aims. That is, both countries use their strategic relations with the EU for their own foreign policy concerns by underlining their foremost importance for the Union in terms refugees trying to make their way to Europe.

The Hazards to Higher Education of Reformist Pragmatism in Cuba: Proposals for an Agenda

A critical study of public policy involving the 2016–2017 reforms of higher education in Cuba points to the hazards of the pragmatic approach to this policy evidenced in numerous educational indicators and official discourse. Although such features are still far from possessing a neoliberal imprint, uncontrolled pragmatism could lead to a neoliberal trend in Cuban educational policy. Various indicators show the slow mutation of educational policy, increasingly measured and understood as an economic policy (in its fiscal aspects) rather than as a social one. Un estudio crítico de las políticas públicas ligadas a las reformas cubanas a la educación superior de (2016–2017) muestra los peligros del enfoque pragmático tomado por este proceso, los cuales se hacen evidente en numerosos indicadores educativos y discursos oficiales. Aunque aún no podemos hablar de una impronta neoliberal, el pragmatismo descontrolado podría conducir a la política educativa cubana en dicha dirección. Diversos indicadores muestran la lenta mutación de la política educativa, la cual se mide y entiende cada vez más como una política económica (en sus aspectos fiscales) que social.

Evenimentele din 1992 în manualul de istorie din școlile transnistrene / The events of 1992 in the history textbook of Transnistrian schools

After the 1991 separatist region of Transnistria developed its own education system, provided with normative acts, including curriculum and textbooks. History education is part of the official discourse and focuses on Transnistrian interests. In many cases, textbooks are based on Soviet historiography, and Western neighbors are treated as enemies. The author of the present article analyzes, in particular, Chapter IX of the textbook for the ninth grade, which deals with the formation of the separatist republic and the Dniester War of 1992, which is described by the authors of the textbook as “Moldova’s military aggression against the Transnistrian people.” The facts presented in this textbook are unilateral, trying to demonstrate the “aggression of Moldova” on the districts on the left bank of the Dniester. Although, at the end of the topic, the authors consider that this military conflict was “a bloody war”, they insist more on the “sufferings, losses and victims” of the inhabitants of this region. There is a total lack of critical, comparative, and balanced approach to these sensitive events for the recent history of the Republic of Moldova.

Warning, or Manipulating in Pandemic Times? A Critical and Contrastive Analysis of Official Discourse Through the English and Spanish News

Focusing on media discourse and adopting a Critical Discourse Analysis—linguistic and rhetorical—perspective, this paper explores the role of the media in influencing citizens’ behaviour towards the COVID-19 crisis. The paper evaluates the set of potentially persuasive lexical items and emotional implicatures used by two quality newspapers, i.e. The Guardian (UK edition) and El País (Spain edition), to report on the pandemic during the three waves—the periods between the onset and trough of virus contamination—that occurred until March 2021. A representative, ad-hoc, comparable corpus (COVIDWave_EN and COVIDWave_ES) was compiled in English and Spanish comprising the news on the pandemic that appeared in the aforementioned newspapers during the three established time periods. The corpora were uploaded to Sketch Engine, which was used to first detect and analyse different categories (nouns, verbs, and adjectives) of word frequency, and then assign negative or positive polarity. Lexical keyness was secondly analysed to categorize emotional implicatures of control, metaphors, signals of epistemic asymmetry and positive implicatures in order to discern how they become weapons of negative or positive persuasion. The ultimate end of the study was to critically analyse and contrast the lexicon and rhetoric used by these two newspapers during this time period so as to unveil the stance taken by governments and health institutions—voices of authority—to disseminate words of control and persuasion with the aim of exerting influence on the behaviour of citizens in UK and Spain.

Qualitative content analysis of the New Zealand troopship publications 1914-1920

<p>This study is a qualitative content analysis of the magazines and newspapers produced on New Zealand troopships between 1914 and 1920. It begins with an account of the troopships, the printing of the magazines and the individuals involved. The bulk of the study is concerned with a thematic analysis of the troopship publications from a cultural historical perspective. These themes are; troopship life, army life, attitudes to war, national identity, race and gender. The content analysis and interpretation considers the magazines as media products of a particular social group and examines the ways in which this group represented itself. The roles of official discourse, propaganda and resistance in the troopship publications are analysed and the interactions between these and the functions of the publications are explicated. The conclusion assesses the publications' position in the context of discussions of cultural rupture and continuity and finds that they emphasise the latter.</p>

Qualitative content analysis of the New Zealand troopship publications 1914-1920

<p>This study is a qualitative content analysis of the magazines and newspapers produced on New Zealand troopships between 1914 and 1920. It begins with an account of the troopships, the printing of the magazines and the individuals involved. The bulk of the study is concerned with a thematic analysis of the troopship publications from a cultural historical perspective. These themes are; troopship life, army life, attitudes to war, national identity, race and gender. The content analysis and interpretation considers the magazines as media products of a particular social group and examines the ways in which this group represented itself. The roles of official discourse, propaganda and resistance in the troopship publications are analysed and the interactions between these and the functions of the publications are explicated. The conclusion assesses the publications' position in the context of discussions of cultural rupture and continuity and finds that they emphasise the latter.</p>