scholarly journals Social norm enforcement in ethnically diverse communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 2722-2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Winter ◽  
Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
German Population ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Enforcement

Recent waves of immigration to Western nations have fueled a debate over the consequences of ethnic diversity for social cohesion. One prominent argument in this debate holds that diversity is detrimental to trust and cooperation because individuals in heterogeneous communities face difficulties in enforcing social norms across ethnic lines. We examine this proposition in a field experiment involving real-life interactions among residents of multiethnic German neighborhoods. We find significant ethnic asymmetries in the pattern of norm enforcement: Members of the majority “native” German population are more active in sanctioning norm violations, while ethnic minorities are more likely to find themselves the target of sanctions. We interpret these results in light of prevailing status inequalities between ethnic minorities and the native majority. We further calculate that, as a result of ethnic discrimination, social control is likely to rise in communities with moderate minority population shares.

Are Immigrants Really Lacking Social Networking Skills? The Crucial Role of Reciprocity in Building Ethnically Diverse Networks

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Barwick
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Turkish Germans ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
High Share

Increasing ethnic and social diversity in cities does not translate into diverse networks of urbanites. Particularly for white middle-classes in gentrified neighbourhoods, there is evidence on boundary drawing to ‘unwanted groups’ such as ethnic minorities and lower-classes. Rarely have these studies focused on the networks of ethnic minorities, the actual diversity-bringers. I will contribute to the understanding of why and under what circumstances diversity in neighbourhoods gets translated into people’s daily practices, hence also networks, by analysing those of middle-class Turkish-Germans in Berlin. Based on interviews and network analysis, I will show that a neighbourhood’s ethnic diversity, fellow residents’ attitudes towards diversity and the built environment play an important role in building category-crossing ties. Owing to a lack of reciprocity in establishing ties, Turkish-Germans in neighbourhoods with a high share of native-Germans actually have more ties to Turks than those in a more diverse neighbourhood.

scholarly journals Biochemical abnormalities in COVID-19: a comparison of white versus ethnic minority populations in the UK

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2021-207446
Author(s):  
David R Taylor ◽  
Devon Buchanan ◽  
Wiaam Al-Hasani ◽  
Jessica Kearney ◽  
Tina Mazaheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Ethnic Minority Population ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AimsPublic Health England has identified that in COVID-19, death rates among ethnic minorities far exceeds that of the white population. While the increase in ethnic minorities is likely to be multifactorial, to date, no studies have looked to see whether values for routine clinical biochemistry parameters differ between ethnic minority and white individuals.MethodsBaseline biochemical data for 22 common tests from 311 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients presenting to hospital in April 2020 in whom ethnicity data were available was retrospectively collected and evaluated. Data comparisons between ethnic minority and white groups were made for all patient data and for the subset of patients subsequently admitted to intensive care.ResultsWhen all patient data were considered, the ethnic minority population had statistically significant higher concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, while troponin T was higher in the white group. A greater proportion of ethnic minority patients were subsequently admitted to intensive care, but when the presenting biochemistry of this subset of patients was compared, no significant differences were observed between ethnic minority and white groups.ConclusionOur data show for the first time that routine biochemistry at hospital presentation in COVID-19 differs between ethnic minority and white groups. Among the markers identified, CRP was significantly higher in the ethnic minority group pointing towards an increased tendency for severe inflammation in this group.

scholarly journals Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Eriksson ◽  
Pontus Strimling ◽  
Michele Gelfand ◽  
Junhui Wu ◽  
Jered Abernathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Norm Violations ◽  
Norm Enforcement ◽  
Norm Violation ◽  
Social Ostracism

AbstractNorm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate.

scholarly journals Ethnic diversity and equality of access to specialist therapeutic community treatment for severe personality disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Geraghty ◽  
Fiona Warren
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Communities ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Psychotherapy Services ◽  
Equality Of Access

Aims and MethodAll mental health services are expected to aim for equality of access to people from minority ethnic groups. Psychotherapy services typically have a low proportion of ethnic minority clients. Specialist services such as therapeutic communities are no exception. It is also possible that ethnic minority residents are more likely to leave group treatments early if they are clearly in the minority. The study examined records between 1996–2000 to ascertain whether ethnic minorities show a different pattern of exit from the process than people from other backgrounds.ResultsJust over 9% of referrals to Henderson Hospital were from ethnic minorities. Ethnic minority referrals were less likely to be invited to a selection interview. However, there was no difference in length of stay in treatment. There was a trend towards ethnic minority referrals having more severe symptomatology and histories than those from White backgrounds.Clinical ImplicationsEthnic background should be taken into account when considering referral for specialist psychotherapy. Routine monitoring of the processing of ethnic minority referrals should be conducted in all psychotherapy services.

Cultural Competency: A Key to Effective Future Social Work with Racially and Ethnically Diverse Elders

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Won Min
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Gerontological Social Work ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Racial Ethnic

With 2 dominant demographic imperatives of the aging population and increasing racial/ethnic diversity of the older population, current and future generations of racially and ethnically diverse elders are expected to experience complex and diverse sets of service needs. More than ever, the social work profession needs a strategic approach to working with current and future generations of diverse elders. The author presents information that allows a better understanding of future issues and problems facing racial/ethnic minority elders and discusses how social work can effectively and successfully address these future needs. Five specific recommendations are proposed: (a) reconceptualize race/ethnicity and diversity in social work practice, (b) identify and develop a conceptual framework for social work with racially and ethnically diverse elders, (c) consider a multidisciplinary community-oriented and neighborhood-based approach, (d) advance culturally competent gerontological social work with diverse elders, and (e) strengthen gerontological social work education with an emphasis on cultural competence.

Ethnic Diversity, Segregation and Ethnocentric Trust in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lea Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
African Countries ◽  
A Value ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Group

AbstractEthnic diversity is generally associated with less social capital and lower levels of trust. However, most empirical evidence for this relationship is focused on generalized trust, rather than more theoretically appropriate measures of group-based trust. This article evaluates the relationship between ethnic diversity – at the national, regional and local levels – and the degree to which coethnics are trusted more than non-coethnics, a value referred to here as the ‘coethnic trust premium’. Using public opinion data from sixteen African countries, this study finds that citizens of ethnically diverse states express, on average, more ethnocentric trust. However, within countries, regional ethnic diversity is associated with less ethnocentric trust. This same negative pattern between diversity and ethnocentric trust appears across districts and enumeration areas within Malawi. The article then shows, consistent with these patterns, that diversity is only detrimental to intergroup trust at the national level when ethnic groups are spatially segregated. These results highlight the importance of the spatial distribution of ethnic groups on intergroup relations, and question the utility of micro-level studies of interethnic interactions for understanding macro-level group dynamics.

Gender and Ethnic Discrimination

2016 ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Ferdous Jahan ◽  
Sharif Abdul Wahab ◽  
Fairooz Binte Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Present State ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Minority Women ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Status Of Women

Socioeconomic inequality among men and women is a major hindrance in ensuring equal advancement for all human being to live a dignified life. Minority status of women further exacerbates inequalities faced by women belonging to small ethnic groups. The chapter explores gender inequality across three small ethnic minorities' groups in Bangladesh. Applying Nussbaum's capability approach to analyze the situation of women with different social and ethnic identities, this chapter unpacks the three-fold barriers experienced by women belonging to minorities groups – first, as minority group, second as women and third as minority women. Lack of awareness, perceiving their “present state” as destiny, social and local norms and patriarchal way of thinking force these women to live with identity of secondary citizens.

Talking about race, identity, and change

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-94
Author(s):  
Harris Beider ◽  
Kusminder Chahal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Black People ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race Identity ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Diverse Area

This chapter presents an edited transcript of a focus group discussion in Phoenix, Arizona, soon after the inauguration of President Trump. It highlights the views and opinions held by the participants, which became key themes emerging from the research. More importantly, it shows a group of white residents talking about their new president, his immediate actions, and the turmoil that these actions unleashed in the United States soon after he was elected. The new president was a divisive figure in the discussions. Support for Trump was not overwhelming, but he was seen as a change candidate. Meanwhile, the disruption being witnessed on the ground was seen negatively. The new president was seen as making rapid changes that were having direct, real-life consequences. Moreover, his focus on holding binary positions was seen as avoiding complexity and without nuance. “White” as an identity emerged through the actions and experiences of “black” people and the lived experiences of differences and diversity. Claiming to live in a racially and ethnically diverse area was challenged.

Residential Mobility Decreases the Perception of Social Norm Violations

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-986
Author(s):  
Siyang Luo ◽  
Qianting Kong ◽  
Zijun Ke ◽  
Liqin Huang ◽  
Meihua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Norm Violations

Playing with power: Kink, race, and desire

Sexualities ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136346072096406
Author(s):  
Michelle Liang
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Sexual Expression ◽  
Queer Women ◽  
The Face ◽  
Queer Women Of Color

Although the separation between “real life” and “play” appears to reinscribe liberal notions of autonomy, BDSM practitioners actually mobilize this boundary to trouble liberal understandings of the liberal autonomous rational agent. Through understandings desires as inextricable from power, and fetishes as displacements of anxieties, BDSM practices recognize “irrational” desires and multiple, fractured selves. In examining kink practices of queer women of color in the Netherlands, this paper explores the transformative potentials of BDSM for queer people of color, especially in resisting colonial discourses that privilege liberal discourses of agency and conceptualize bodies of color as nonmodern, inferior, exotic, and irrational. In the face of discourses that pit Dutch freedom and sexual expression against ethnic minorities and sexual constraint, marginalized kinksters are forming communities that radically centralize marginalized kink experiences and reject pathologizing discourses, as they critically alter the implications of and possibilities for slippages between daily life and kink.

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