Influence of meromixia on the distribution of zoobenthos and zooplankton in the salt soda lake Doroninskoe

Meromictic soda lakes are considered models of reservoirs of the Early Proterozoic. Lake Doroninskoe belongs to a rare type of moderately salty alkaline soda lake with a carbonate type of salinity and pronounced meromixia. Studies and publications on the zoobenthos of the lake are rare. In 2005–2007, studies of zoobenthos and zooplankton of the lake were carried out. Meromixia of the water column caused the stable presence of zooplankton only in a layer up to 4 m. The distribution of the taxonomic abundance, quantitative development and structure of zoobenthos in the lake corresponds to the stratification of the water column into mixolimnion, chemocline and monimolimnion. Bottom biotopes and water column layers deeper than 4 m were uninhabited, which is probably due to the lack of oxygen and high hydrogen sulphide content in the bottom water layers due to meromixia. A similar distribution of zooplankton in Lake Doroninskoe and its mesocosm model was revealed.

MENEROPONG PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI MUHAMMADIYAH

AbstrakMuhammadiyah merupakan organisasi sosial kemasyarakatan yang dikenal sebagai salah satu pelopor pembaharuan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia yang masih bertahan bahkan mengalami perkembangan kuantitatif yang sangat pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan persyarikatan Muhammadiyah dan kegiatannya dalam bidang Pendidikan Islam, dari awal berdirinya pada tahun 1912 yang masih dalam zaman penjajahan hingga era 4.0. Penelitian yang jenis kepustakaan (library research) ini dilakukan dengan cara menelusuri buku, artikel, dan jurnal terkait sesuai dengan fokus penelitian. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik deskriptif naratif. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Muhammadiyah mengusung spirit pendidikan Islam transformatif yang mendorong peserta didik tidak hanya menguasai ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang diajarkan, tetapi juga menginternalisasikan ilmu yang telah dipelajari ke dalam dirinya, sehingga mengalami proses transformasi diri dan mampu terlibat dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang ada di masyarakat. Metode dakwah Muhammadiyah fokus pada pengorganisasian pembagunan sosial dan pekembangan pendidikan berbasis keislaman yang dinamis dari berbagai aspek yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk sekolah berbasis Islam sehingga gerakan Muhammadiyah tidak hanya mencakup dimensi duniawi saja, namun juga dimensi ukhrawi. AbstractMuhammadiyah is a social organization known as one of the pioneers of Islamic education reform in Indonesia which still survives and even experiences very rapid quantitative development. This study aims to describe the Muhammadiyah association and its activities in the field of Islamic Education, from its inception in 1912 which was still in the colonial era until the era of 4.0. This type of library research is carried out by browsing related books, articles, and journals according to the research focus. Data analysis in this study used descriptive narrative technique. The findings show that Muhammadiyah education carries the spirit of transformative Islamic education that encourages students not only to master the science and technology that is taught, but also to internalize the knowledge that has been learned into themselves, so that they experience a process of self-transformation and are able to be involved in solving problems that exist in the world. public. The Muhammadiyah da'wah method focuses on organizing social development and the development of dynamic Islamic-based education from various aspects which are manifested in the form of Islamic-based schools so that the Muhammadiyah movement does not only cover the worldly dimension, but also the hereafter dimension.

FORMATION OF ZOOPLANKTON IN THE BOGUCHANY RESERVOIR DURING ITS FILLING

For the first time, we present the materials of the spatial distribution of qualitative and quantitative indicators of zooplankton in the first year of top water level (TWL) in the Boguchany Reservoir. We indicate the dynamics of the formation of the zooplankton community in the Upper section of the reservoir during its filling (from 2013 to 2015). The Irkutsk, Bratsk, and Ust-Ilimsk reservoirs influence the composition and structure of zooplankton in the Boguchany Reservoir that closes the cascade of the Angara HPPs, and there is a great similarity of the crustacean and rotifer fauna with the upstream artificial reservoirs. During the study period (from 2013 to 2017), the plankton fauna included 84 species from 49 genera and 23 families. The horizontal distribution of quantitative indicators throughout the water area of the reservoir had a mosaic pattern. The relative and absolute proportion of rotifers in the composition of zooplankton decreased from the Upper section to the Lower one, and the dominance of crustaceans was opposite. Due to this, the maximum number (129±97.8 thou ind./m3) of zooplankton was recorded in the Upper section, and the biomass (2080±676 mg/m3) – in the Lower section. The obtained unique data on the composition, structure and quantitative development of zooplankton in the Boguchany Reservoir during its formation and filling are important for further monitoring of its state, including the assessment of the feeding of planktonophagous fish and juvenilefish.

Long-term dynamics of total bacterioplankton in the Dubossary reservoir of the Republic of Moldova

The results of long-term (1982-2019) studies of the quantitative development of bacterioplankton in the flow-channel Dubossary reservoir in the Republic of Moldova and analysis of the reasons for its change are shown.

Development Cycle Modeling: Transdisciplinary Implications

This paper argues that development (product, system, software, etc.) is an inherently transdisciplinary activity. Development is defined as the conversion of ideas into their manifestations. This conversion is often characterized by development phases, e.g., concept, requirements, design, implementation, and evaluation/testing (CRDIE). Iterative sequences of these phases form development cycles. Development cycles drive new product creation as well as product quality and cost and utility. Consequently, understanding development cycles is important. Models can provide insight; however, end-to-end quantitative development cycle models are, at best, rare. This paper outlines such a model, the Statistical Agent-based Model of Development and Evaluation (SAbMDE). For purposes of this paper, transdisciplinarity is defined as a developer’s holistic view of reality as filtered by that developer’s sensory input and perception of that reality. The model builds its mathematical and logical structures on a foundational concept that includes and describes this sensory and perceptual integration. Because the proposed model has this transdisciplinary characteristic, the model's use and results will have transdisciplinary implications. One implication: Ideas are discovered, not created. Another: A developer must first adjust their perception to see the development path that leads to a desired end product before they can traverse that path. A third: The ordering of information in a development space must be maintained.. This paper defines a minimal SAbMDE model that logically and mathematically reveals these and other SAbMDE transdisciplinarity implications.

On the need to improve criminal law norms with administrative prejudice

The article deals with some problems of constructing elements of crimes with administrative prejudice and concludes that it is necessary to improve such criminal law norms. It is noted that, since 2009, in Russia there is a process of gradual resumption of the construction of administrative prejudice in the structure of the domestic criminal law. To date, this construction is used only in six countries of the world, which are parts of the former Soviet Union, in connection with which the conclusion is made about the uniqueness of the institution of administrative prejudice in the field of criminal law. The authors have collected statistics on the quantitative development of this institution in the post-Soviet space over the past five years. It is concluded that the problem of the absence of a single formulation defining a special subject of the elements of crimes with this construction exists not only in the Russian criminal legislation, but also in the legislation of Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The necessity of fixing in Russian criminal law and initiating fixing in the Model Criminal Code for the former Soviet republics the definition of administrative prejudice in criminal law and on its basis the development of a single model of legislative regulation of administrative prejudice in criminal law, which will eliminate the technical and legal shortcomings addressed in the article, is determined.

Initial quantitative development of the Norse Feedback system: a novel clinical feedback system for routine mental healthcare

Purpose As routine outcome monitoring has become prevalent in psychological practice, there is need for measurement tools covering diverse symptoms, treatment processes, patient strengths, and risks. Here we describe the development and initial tests of the psychometric properties of a multi-scale system for use in mental healthcare, Norse Feedback. Methods In Study 1, we present the item-generation process and structure of the Norse Feedback, a 17-scale digital-first measurement tool for psychopathology and treatment-relevant variables. In Study 2, we present analyses of this initial measure in a nonclinical sample of 794 healthy controls and a sample of 222 mental health patients. In Study 3, we present the analysis of a revised 20-scale system in two separate samples of patients. In each analysis, we investigate item and test information in particular, including analysis of differential item functioning on gender, age, site, and sample differences where applicable. Results Scales performed variably. Changes to items and scales are described. Several scales appeared to reliably discriminate individuals entering mental health treatment on severity, and others are less reliable. Marked improvements in scale internal consistency and measurement precision were observed between the first and second implemented versions. Conclusion This system includes some scales with reasonable structural validity, though several areas for future development are identified. The system was developed to be iteratively re-evaluated, to strengthen the validity of its scales over time. There are currently a number of limitations on inferences from these scores, which future developments should address.

FEATURES OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES OF AMPHIPODS IN THE LITTORAL OF LAKE LADOGA

The modern distribution of invasive amphipods of Baikal ( Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899) , Micruropus possolskii Sowinsky, 1915) and Ponto-Caspian origin ( Pontogammarus robustoides Sars, 1894 , Chelicorophium curvispinum (Sars, 1895)) in Lake Ladoga was shown. The heterogeneity of the distribution of quantitative indicators of amphipods in different parts of the lake was established. The most widespread species in the littoral zone was G. fasciatus . A decrease in the contribution of G. fasciatus in the bottom communities of macrozoobenthos was noted. The dominant role of G. fasciatus was observed only in those parts of the lake where other species of invasive amphipods did not penetrated yet. The habitat of Ponto-Caspian amphipods is limited by the boundaries of the Volkhov Bay. A significant increase in the quantitative development of P. robustoides and active dispersal of M. possolskii to the South along the west coast of the lake indicate the ongoing structural restructuring of littoral biocenoses.

CHIRONOMIDAE (INSECTA, DIPTERA) FAUNA OF LOWER DNIPRO. PART 1: SUBFAMILY TANYPODINAE

The work is the first part of a series of articles intended to comprehensively describe the current state of Chironomidae fauna of the Lower Dnipro on the basis of the long-term studies of larval forms of this group of Diptera insects, widely represented in water bodies of this estuary. Based on the current research, the species composition of larvae of Diptera insects of the Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) subfamily, represented in the benthic fauna of various water bodies of the Lower Dnipro, is described. The research was conducted on 18 water bodies, located in the delta and pre-delta areas of the Dnipro River. For the delta area, the following water bodies were researched: mainstream of the Dnipro River, the Viryovchina River, KhersonBilozerskyi floodplain area (the Koshova River, Lake Rohozuvate, Lake Bezmen, Lake Chychkuvate, Lake Stebliivskyi Liman), Kardashynskyi floodplain area (the Chaika River, the strait into Lake Kruhle, the Hadiuchka Strait, Lake Kruhle, Lake Kardashynskyi Liman), Velykyi Potyomkinskyi floodplain area (Lake Zakitne and Lake Nazarove-Pohorile) and Holoprystanskyi floodplain area (Lake Liahushache). For the pre-delta area, the mainstream of the Dnipro River, the Kozak River and Lake Sabetskyi Liman were researched. Based on the obtained data, a characteristic for each of the species of Tanypodinae is given, which includes: the distribution; the seasonality; indicators of quantitative development; the abiotic factors and the species of higher aquatic vegetation inherent in the places of detection of the larvae; the area. The mass and the less developed species of Tanypodinae subfamily and their distributional pattern in the water bodies have been determined. The indexes of occurrence in the benthic samples for the larvae of these species were determined. The comparisons of the indexes for individual water bodies, groups of water bodies (streaming system of the Dnipro River, the tributaries and the straits, the Viryovchina River, the pre-delta area, the delta floodplain areas) and for the water bodies as a whole, were made. The species composition of Tanypodinae larvae of anthropogenically polluted areas of the Lower Dnipro, in particular, its differences for the watercourses and lakes, were noted. Key words: Diptera, larvae, fauna, macrozoobenthos, Lower Dnipro, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae.

Wohltätigkeit, Selbsthilfe und organisierte Geselligkeit. Entwicklung, Funktion und Differenzierung des Vereinswesens

Charity, Self-Help and Organized Sociality. Development, Function and Differentiation of Associations. Associations emerged from the late 18th century onwards as a form that enabled people from different social classes to come together to fulfil a specific purpose, thus increasingly replacing earlier forms of organisation such as corporations. On the basis of existing literature and theoretical approaches from historical and sociological research, the chapter discusses the functions of associations and presents a typological classification as associations with a public purpose, self-help associations and leisure associations. The differentiation between associations and their rapid quantitative development in the last third of the 19th century illustrate the extent of the overall social importance associations achieved. The exemplary view of the associations in the small Lower Austrian town of Zwettl shows the dynamic interaction between associations and administrative authorities and their development into important actors in the local public sphere.