scholarly journals ARCHITECTURE OF RURAL HOUSES OF CLERGYMEN OF THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AND THE SOUTHERN URALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Elena V. PONOMARENKO ◽  
Fedor V. KARASEV
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

The article for the fi rst time carried out a comprehensive analysis of the architecture of rural houses of clergymen in the middle Volga region and the Southern Urals in the 19th - early 20th century. The materials of construction, planning, composition and stylistic features of the architecture of these buildings in the region have been studied. Houses made by local carpenters and designed in St. Petersburg are considered. Changes in the architecture of such buildings over time have been revealed. Examples and descriptions of the architecture of diff erent types of wooden houses of clergymen are given. The most detailed complex of buildings at the church of Nicholas the Wonderworker in the village of Epifanovka. The features of the interweaving of “red-brick” and neo-Russian architectural styles in the decoration of the buildings of this complex have been analyzed.

scholarly journals The experience of steppe reserve organizing in Southern Pre-Urals in the late XIX - the first third of the XX century and the problem of Russian steppes sustainable development of the XXI century

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Mishanina ◽  
Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Mishanina
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Meteorological Observations

The article analyzes the history of two steppe reserves in the territory of the Southern Urals (Orenburg region nowadays). The first one was established by A.N. Karamzin in private grounds of Polibino, in Buguruslan Uyezd of Samara Region (Gubernia), in 19-20th centuries. Its area was 650 hectares, while its location, period of its existence, as well as the scientific and practical activities remained unknown. Flora and fauna as well as meteorological observations were conducted in this place. The results of the researches were published by the owner in a number of monographs. In early 1920's this area was totally changed. The second reserve named Koziavka was opened in Kurmanaevsky District of the Middle Volga Region by I. Sprygin, with the help of the director of Penza State Reserve that existed from 1930 to 1935. It was a significant area of virgin steppe and long-term fallow land with rich steppe biodiversity. It was lost during the land transfer reform - from the Middle Volga Region to Orenburg Oblast. Similar reseraches have a practical significance. That will help to design and find these sites with further transformation into specially protected natural areas, as well as to determine the conservation status of previously existing reserves.

scholarly journals Interregional comparative characteristics of the national composition of the population of the Middle Volga region and the Southern Urals of the second half of the 19th century.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-150
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper presents a comparative analysis and characteristics of the social and everyday life of the peoples who inhabited the regions from 1867 to the end of the 19th century. Russian population in the provinces of the Middle Volga region had a larger share than in the Southern Urals, but the overall percentage of the Russian population decreased in the Middle Volga region, which is caused by a weak influx of Russians from the central part of Russia, the outflow of this part of the population to other parts of the country, the migration process of non-Russian peoples to the Middle Volga, the difference in the birth rate of representatives of the peoples. The population of the Middle Volga region and the Southern Urals by the end of the 19th century was distinguished by an exclusively multinational composition, which was due to the historical features of the settlement of the peoples of Russia, the socio-economic conditions of the development of the provinces and the migration processes (what exactly). Provincial cities were places of concentration of a more diverse population in national terms, in contrast to the inhabitants of counties and volosts, and centers of intensive interethnic contacts.

scholarly journals DIOCESAN LIFE OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES: ANALYSIS OF SOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
A.V. Mendyukov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Church

The article analyzes sources on the Church and social life of the dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Middle Volga region at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The main sources and their significance for the study of this topic are considered. The author believes that the corpus of sources needs a detailed and thorough study, as it represents a large and yet poorly studied array of information, especially at the regional level.

scholarly journals METEORIC IRON IN PRODUCTION AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICE OF THE YAMNAYA CULTURE IN THE URALS REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-206
Author(s):  
Н. Л. Моргунова ◽  
М. А. Кулькова ◽  
А. М. Кульков
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
New Research ◽  
Functional Purpose

Среди курганов ямной культуры Среднего Поволжья и Южного Приуралья особое место занимают монументальные сооружения с находками изделий из железа. Выделяются предметы как производственного, так и ритуального назначения. По данным радиоуглеродного анализа курганы датируются в пределах первой половины III тыс. до н. э. В 2019 г. авторами на современном оборудовании проведены новые исследования химического состава поверхности металлических предметов, изотопный анализ свинца, а также реставрация железных предметов. Дополнительные исследования позволили подтвердить метеоритное происхождение железа, уточнить форму и функциональное назначение изделий. Анализ погребального обряда и инвентаря из меди и метеоритного железа позволяет сделать вывод, что курганы были предназначены для «супер-лидеров». При жизни они могли выполнять управленческие, военные и сакрально-ритуальные функции. Наличие предметов из железа свидетельствует об обожествлении власти вождей и о распространенном представлении связи лидерства и небесных сил. Large burial constructions that have yielded items made from iron occupy a special place among the Yamnaya kurgans in the Middle Volga region and the Southern Urals. It is possible to single out both production items and artifacts used for religious purposes. The radiocarbon data put the kurgans around the first half of III mill. BC. In 2019 the authors conducted new research of the chemical composition of the metal item surface, using modern equipment, performed the stable isotope analysis of the lead and carried out the restoration works of the iron objects. The additional studies provided an opportunity to confirm the meteoric origin of the iron, clarify the shape and the functional purpose of the artifacts. It can be inferred from the analysis of the funerary rite and the offerings made from copper and meteoric iron that the kurgans were intended to bury super leaders. During their lifetime such chieftains could perform management, military and sacral ritual functions. Presence of iron items suggests that the power of the chieftains was deified and the idea of the links between the leadership and heavenly forces was quite common.

scholarly journals Details of the Horse Bridle from the Burial of the Sarmatian Horseman from Kovalevka Kurgan Cemetery

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Valeriy Klepikov ◽  
Mikhail Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Gold Foil ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Village

Introduction. The article publishes and analyzes the materials founded by the kurgan research near the village of Kovalevka in the southern part of the Volga-Don interfluve. Kurgan No. 13 is part of a kurgan cemetery, where the burials look relatively simultaneous and can be interpreted as a cemetery of nomadic migrants, settled in this territory in the confrontation with other Sarmatian groups. Methods. The authors pay special attention to the details of the horse bridle, to the type of the bits and cheek-pieces, and to the plaques, which decorated the straps of the headband. The traditional method of analogies is used for the analysis and interpretation of the material. Analysis. The type of rod cheek-pieces with two rectangular loops for fixing the rein in the central part and disc-shaped tips at the ends became widespread in the Sarmatian environment at the turn of the era. The cheekpieces and plaques were decorated with gold foil applications. Such burials are known in the Lower and Middle Volga region, Lower, Middle and Upper Don region, Kuban and in the Crimea. The authors find the origins of the tradition of making and using bits and cheek-pieces of this type in the East, in the regions of Transbaikal, Tuva, Altai and Northern China. The analysis of the bridle allows making the conclusion that it belonged to professional warriors-riders of upscale status. Results. The appearance of such burials coincides with the process of changing Sarmatian cultures at the turn of the eras, and probably the horsemen were active participants in these historical changes. However, it is impossible to define them as an ethnic group, or even to combine them within one archaeological culture. Therefore, the authors propose to see such riders as representatives of an intertribal aristocratic military group.

scholarly journals Structure of cenothic populations of Adenophora lilifolia (L.) A. DC. in the Southern Urals and the Middle Volga region

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
V. N. Ilina ◽  
I. Z. Andreeva ◽  
L. M. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Southern Urals ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Total Density ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Demographic Indices ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The study of rare plants at the level of cenothic populations throughout the range greatly contributes to the identification of the features of their biology and ecology. We carried out the identification of the features of the age and spatial structure of the Adenophora lilifolia (L.) A. DC. cenothic populations in the ecological conditions of the steppe, foreststeppe zones of the Middle Volga (Samara region) and the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan), as well as the mountainous zone of the Southern Urals. Adenophora lilifolia is included in the Red Book of the Samara region (category 3 – a rare species).The study of A. lilifolia populations was carried out in different years on the territory of specially protected territories of different rank. In determining the structure of cenothic populations, standard techniques were used. The studied cenopopulations are located on the fringes of oak-lime, birch, less often maple-linden or aspen forests, sparse forests or forest potholes. The total density of individuals varies from 0.8 to 4.2 specimens/m2. The mean values of the generative fraction in the populations are 81.1 %, the prevalent fraction is 19.3 %. The basic ontogenetic spectrum of A. lilifolia is characterized as centered. Although the share of generative individuals in all cenopopulations is high, the distribution by ontogenetic groups in the two regions differs. The average values of demographic indices indicate a fairly high stability of the species populations. Of the 14 investigated cenopopulations of A. lilifolia, according to the “delta-omega” criterion, most are mature, in addition, transitional and maturing are identified. In general, the state of the populations in the Southern Urals is fairly prosperous. All studied populations in the Samara region have a high anthropogenic load, and the number of individuals in specific habitats is low.

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