ASSESSMENT OF THE SOUTHERN URALS RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AKTOBE TOURISM INDUSTRY

Tourism is a sphere of the social and economic complex, which is gradually turning into a developing industry. The importance of tourism development for the economy of Kazakhstan as a whole is essential. This scientific article is devoted to the assessment of the promising areas recreational potential of the Aktobe regions tourist activity. The study geographically describes the research area, the pattern of natural and climatic conditions, the uniqueness of landscapes and the complexity of their spatial and temporal organization. The units of physical-geographical or economic-geographical zoning serve as an objective basis for assessing territorial combinations of natural conditions and resources. The scientific work gives a brief description of the natural conditions, geomorphological and floral composition of the Southern Urals territories that are promising for recreational tourism. The article presents the factors reflecting the attractiveness of the region for the creation of specially protected natural areas.

Geodynamic conditions of massive sulfide formation in the Magnitogorsk megazone

Research subject. Volcanism, rock geochemistry, geodynamics, and massive sulfide formation in the Magnitogorsk megazone (MMZ) of the Southern Urals in the Middle Paleozoic.Materials and Methods. Across the largest part of the massive sulfide deposits under investigation, the authors conducted route studies, including geological surveys of individual ore fields and quarries of deposits, core samples of deep wells and transparent sections. Representative analyses of petrogenic and microelements were performed using wet chemistry and ICP-MS in analytical centers in Russia and Europe. Along with the authors’ data, analytical materials published by Russian and foreign researchers were used. Geodynamic reconstructions were carried out taking into account regional data on gravics, thermal field, magnetometry, and seismic stu dies, including «Urseis-95».Results. The geodynamic reconstructions established that the main elements of the paleostructure of the Southern Urals in the Devonian were the subduction zone of the eastern dip and asthenospheric diapirs that penetrated into the «slab-window», which determined the type of volcanic belts, the composition and volume of volcanic rocks of pyrite-bearing complexes, and ore matter of pyrite deposits. The following geodynamic zones in the MMZ were identified: 1 – polychronous accretion prism; 2 – frontal and developed island arcs (D1e2–D2ef1); 3 – zone of back-arc spreading (D1e2); 4 – rear island arc (D2ef1).Conclusions. All investigated zones and ore areas are characterized by an autonomous development of volcanism, a special deep structure and a different composition, as well as by a different volume of massive sulfide deposits that vary in the Cu and Zn ratios and Pb, Ba, Au amounts. In the MMZ volcanic complexes, three groups of plume source basalts are distinguished. The results can be used in predictive-estimation and search operations for massive sulfide mineralization.

The Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaigns of 1813-1814 in the Historical Memory of the Peoples of the Urals

The article identifies the features of the Ural region in terms of preserving and updating the memory of the epoch of 1812-1814. Based on the analysis of various options for preserving images of the epoch (through living memory, materialized memory, festive events and other means), the author comes to the conclusion that the Ural region, despite its remoteness from the theater of war, organically fit into the all-Russian memorial context. At the same time the memory is shaped by the regions focus on military production, and by its providing a significant part of the irregular cavalry recruited from the Orenburg Cossacks and non-Russian peoples. The latter circumstance, through images of Northern cupids, gave the Urals an exotic fame abroad. Forms of preserving Urals memory of the events of 1812-1814 range from variants of living memory, which includes elements left over from the communicative memory, to purposeful activities of central and local authorities to organize mass events at anniversary dates. A significant role in memory preservation is traditionally played by educational institutions, which, starting from the school level, form the memory of childhood. The greatest concentration of memory elements related to the epoch is observed in the Southern Urals, which is predetermined, to a large extent, by the presence of compactly living non-Russian peoples who seek to emphasize their role in the events of all-Russian and even global history. Unlike a number of other national regions of the Russian Federation, the appeal to historical memory in the Urals takes place within the framework of a unifying and reconciling tradition. Despite some commemorative gaps, the three epochs (pre-Soviet, Soviet and post-Soviet) in relation to the historical memory in the Urals about the events of 1812-1814 look quite organic. Images of this great time continue to act as a unifying factor, thus preserving the sense of a common past not only with the all-Russian, but also with common European and global history.

ARCHITECTURE OF RURAL HOUSES OF CLERGYMEN OF THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AND THE SOUTHERN URALS

The article for the fi rst time carried out a comprehensive analysis of the architecture of rural houses of clergymen in the middle Volga region and the Southern Urals in the 19th - early 20th century. The materials of construction, planning, composition and stylistic features of the architecture of these buildings in the region have been studied. Houses made by local carpenters and designed in St. Petersburg are considered. Changes in the architecture of such buildings over time have been revealed. Examples and descriptions of the architecture of diff erent types of wooden houses of clergymen are given. The most detailed complex of buildings at the church of Nicholas the Wonderworker in the village of Epifanovka. The features of the interweaving of “red-brick” and neo-Russian architectural styles in the decoration of the buildings of this complex have been analyzed.

ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE LANDSCAPES OF MIDDLE MOUNTAINS OF THE SOUTHERN URALS: METHODS AND RESEARCH RESULTS

The medium-altitude mountains of the Southern Urals began to experience a strong anthropogenic impact since the 18th century in connection with the construction of mining plants. Subsequently, a long economic development of the territory formed anthropogenic transformed landscapes. The assessment of the modern geoecological state of landscapes of the middle regions of the Southern Urals was carried out by superimposing thematic maps based on the processing of indicators, including the influence of climatic factors, the stability of natural complexes to external influences, the anthropogenic transformation of natural complexes, the modern state of landscape components. As a result, landscapes with a favorable, satisfactory and stressed geoecological state were identified.

Three Sarmatian Daggers from the Foot of Toratau Mount

Three Sarmatian daggers found during plowing a field at the foot of Toratau Mount in the Southern Urals are published. Their detailed description is given. It is stated that two daggers bear the signs of the early Sarmatian type of bladed weapons. They date back to the 3rd–2nd centuries BC, their discovery confirms the fact of active resettlement by the Sarmatians of the right bank of the Belaya River at this time. The third dagger bears a number of archaic features, has close analogies among random finds in the Prokhorov cemetery and on the left bank of the Belaya River. It dates back to the 4th–3rd centuries BC. It is noted that the left bank of the Belaya River is the main territory of settlement of early nomads in the Southern Urals. The description of the topography of the daggers found in the site is given. It is shown that according to its physical and geographical characteristics, this territory is a closed valley, bounded on all sides by the river, the Turatau and Kushtau Mountains, and gentle ridges running along the Belaya River. It is concluded that in this case, the “valley” version of the settlement of early nomads was implemented, as well as that the settlement of the right bank of the Belaya River occurred, apparently, from its left bank. This territory was a natural periphery of the settlement of nomads in the Southern Urals in the second half-end of the 1st millennium BC.

On the melt differentiation in the intermediate chamber (by the example of differentiated intrusives of the western slope of the Southern Urals)

The article provides materials on the analysis of the chemical composition of silicates and aluminosilicates that make up the differentiated body of the Misaelga complex, which made it possible by calculation methods to restore the thermobaric parameters of crystallization of the melt in the intermediate chamber. The presence of high-temperature (1472 ºC) intratelluric olivine crystals characterizing the process of magma generation in the mantle and olivine crystallizing under the conditions of the intermediate chamber (1050–1183 ºC) has been established. The calculated crystallization temperature of pyroxenes indicates that they crystallized together with olivine from the bulk of the rocks, and the established variations in the P–T parameters (T = 950–1045 ºC, P = 4.0–7.4 kbar) for plagioclase and amphibole complete the quantitative characteristics of high-temperature melt crystallization processes. It is shown that the calculated Р–Т parameters of the crystallization of the melt that formed the intrusive massif make it possible to classify its ultrabasic horizon as picrite complexes of the second type that we identified earlier. Modeling of the crystallization process carried out using two models – according to the algorithm of H.D. Nathan and K.K. Van Kirk and the software product KOMAGMAT – made it possible to establish that the most probable mechanism for the formation of a differentiated body of the Misaelga complex was directional crystallization with gravitational deposition of olivine at the initial stages of the formation of the massif.