“REGIONAL HYDROCHEMISTRY OF UKRAINE” (2019) – A MODERN TEXTBOOK ON THE STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SURFACE, GROUNDWATER AND SEA WATERS IN THE COUNTRY

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
M.R. Zabokrytska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Modern Textbook

The article reviewed and analyzed the textbook “Regional Hydrochemistry of Ukraine” (authors V.K. Khilchevskyi, V.I. Osadchyi, S.M. Kurylo), published in 2019. The textbook comprehensively summarizes and covers materials on the hydrochemistry of precipitation, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds, underground and sea waters in Ukraine. The authors used the latest results of studies of the chemical composition of water of various water bodies in the country, applied the hydrochemical characteristics of the river basin districts according to the modern hydrographic zoning of Ukraine (2016), which takes into account the requirements of the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD 2000/60/EC). A feature of the textbook is that the authors were largely based on the materials of their own studies of the chemical composition of surface waters. They also systematized and generalized the monographic works of leading Ukrainian scientists, in different years (from the 1950s to the present day) they studied fundamental and applied issues of hydrochemistry of surface, underground and sea waters. The structure of the textbook consists of a preface, 11 sections, applications and a list of references. The textbook is intended for students of the specialty “Earth Sciences”, studying in educational programs of hydrological, hydroecological and hydrogeological profile. It may be useful for students of the specialty “Geography”, students in educational programs of a physical-geographical and geo-ecological profile.

scholarly journals An integrated approach to water protection and management: the European Union model

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Adshead
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Basin Management ◽  
Member States ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrated River Basin Management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive. It seeks first to determine whether its provisions align with modern thinking on integrated river basin management and second to assess the degree to which it has the potential to achieve legislative and inter‐agency integration throughout the Union.Design/methodology/approachThis is a desktop study. The paper draws upon theories and definitions of integrated river basin management and internal integration in existing literature and then proceeds to examine the provisions of the Water Framework Directive in the light of the models identified.FindingsThe framework for river basin management in the Water Framework Directive does not fully match the modern approach to integrated river basin management. The directive is limited by its primary focus upon the single medium of water, and its consequent failure to fully address wider land use planning issues. It, therefore, also fails to achieve integration between all relevant legislative instruments. It provides a framework for stakeholder involvement that could potentially serve the goal of inter‐agency integration. However, due to the high level of discretion in the hands of member states, there is likely to be a substantial divergence of practice across the EU.Originality/valueIn assessing the Water Framework Directive against modern notions of river basin management and the directive's stated integrative aspirations, the paper informs implementation and practice in member states.

The European Union Water Framework Directive: Taking European Water Policy into the Next Millennium†

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Blöch
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
European Water ◽  
Water Legislation ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The European Union is currently thoroughly restructuring its water policy. A proposal by the European Commission for a Water Framework Directive is currently being negotiated at the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. This legislation will have the following main objectives: • expanding the scope of water protection to all waters, surface waters and groundwater • achieving “good status” for all waters by a certain deadline • water management based on river basins • “combined approach” of emission limit values and quality standards • getting the prices right • getting the citizen involved more closely • streamlining legislation The progress on negotiating the future European water legislation seems to indicate a final adoption in 1999.

Setting the threshold: An analysis of different approaches for the definition of exemptions to water quality objectives in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bolinches ◽  
Lucia De Stefano ◽  
Javier Paredes-Arquiola ◽  
Carlotta Valerio ◽  
Alberto Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
European Union ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Member States ◽  
Environmental Objectives

<p>Continental water ecosystems and human water uses may be jeopardized by degradation of water quality.  To prevent this degradation, the maximum concentration of pollutants for freshwater bodies may need to be set in the legislation. In some cases, the actions needed to achieve those environmental objectives may be technically challenging or financially overburdening. In the case of the European Union (EU), the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Article 4) requires the achievement of the good status of water bodies but allows for the declaration of exemptions due to lack of technical feasibility or disproportionate costs. Twenty years after the WFD approval, the conditions to declare exemptions remain unclear and in practice their declaration  is highly discretional.</p><p>The extant scientific literature suggests several methods to formulate the justification of exemptions. Although the methodologies are diverse, they all require to select a threshold (e.g. in terms of cost disproportionality) above which a relaxation of the environmental objectives may be accepted. This threshold should be uniform across the EU River Basin Districts in order to guarantee a fair distribution of efforts across Member States. To date, however, there are very few studies that compare the application of exemptions in different regions to assess the uniformity of approaches to the declaration of exceptions.</p><p>When defining actions to achieve the good status of water bodies, the quantification of the different pressures, their interactions and the effects on receiving water bodies can be challenging. In the case of physico-chemical pollutants, however, it can be easier to define policy actions as pressures can be quantified (point loads of wastewater treatment plants, diffuse loads emanated by different land uses) and the evolution in receiving waters can be modelled.</p><p>In our research, we analyzed over one thousand water bodies in the River Basin Districts of five different Member States of the European Union (Estonia, a transboundary Ireland-United Kingdom basin, Italy, Spain and Portugal), using the available databases on Digital Elevation Models (Copernicus EU-DEM), land use (CORINE land cover), urban pressures (European Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive dissemination platform and reported data), runoff and gauged flows (Water Information System for Europe, national gauging networks) and WFD exemption databases. Each water body was characterized according to the level of nitrogen and phosphorus pressures deriving from point and diffuse loads, and the declaration of exemptions to the environmental objectives for those nutrients. The exemption threshold is assessed for each River Basin District, allowing for a critical review of the different water policies in this significant aspect of the Water Framework Directive implementation.</p>

Mineral transformations

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. T. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Special Session ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mineral Science ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Mineral Transformations

One of the major goals of mineral science is attaining an understanding of the atomic-scale mechanisms and dynamics of minerals that control their structural transformations as a function of pressure, temperature or chemical composition in the natural environment. Examples of research programmes that sail under this heading include those devoted to observing and modelling the role of phase transformations on controlling mineral microstructures, ordering, elasticity, transport, premelting and exsolution. The geological relevance and intrinsic importance (as being representative of specific properties or thermodynamic/ kinetic behaviour) of mineral transformations has long been appreciated. It prompted the recent initiation of a network on Mineral Transformations (http://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/mintrans/) under the European Union TMR Programme. In response to this development, a special session on Mineral Transformations was held at the EUG congress in Strasbourg last year.

Development of a technique for Lake Habitat Survey (LHS) with applications for the European Union Water Framework Directive

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Rowan ◽  
J. Carwardine ◽  
R.W. Duck ◽  
O.M. Bragg ◽  
A.R. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
The European Union

Classification of Two Swedish Forest Streams in Accordance with the European Union Water Framework Directive

AMBIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Löfgren ◽  
Maria Kahlert ◽  
Mats Johansson ◽  
Jakob Bergengren
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Forest Streams

On-going evaluation of the WFD 2000/60/EC implementation process in the European Union, seven years after its launch: are we behind schedule?

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kanakoudis ◽  
S. Tsitsifli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Water Legislation ◽  
The Eu

Although the European Union (EU) has made some considerable progress regarding protection of water resources (tackling significant problems at national and at EU level), increased efforts are still needed to get and keep its waters clean. After 30 years of developing EU water legislation, all the involved stakeholders express this demand. In 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC, establishing a framework for Community actions regarding protection of water resources, was adopted. Its implementation is now well underway, as most of the EU-Member States have fulfilled their current obligations of submitting their reports. An on-going evaluation of the WFD implementation process is attempted here, based on all available data seven years after its launch. Special focus is given to Greece regarding problems that have occurred.

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