chemical contamination
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2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012108
Author(s):  
H Husni ◽  
J Jauharlina ◽  
M Sayuthi ◽  
E Mulyadi ◽  
P Yulianda ◽  
...  

Abstract A study has been conducted for 3 consecutive years since 2019 to 2021 to investigate the influence of cultivation system of Arabica coffee against the attack of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) in Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. We observed the attack level of H. hampei on Arabica coffee plants that were cultivated both organically and conventionally. The results showed that for three years observation, in general, the attack level of coffee berry borer (CBB) on organic and conventional coffee plantations was not significantly different. Observations in 2019 showed that the attack level of CBB on organic coffee plantations ranged from 27-34 % and on conventional coffee plantations ranging from 33-49 %. Observations in 2020 showed that the attack rate of CBB on organic and conventional coffee ranged from 20-40 % and 28-41%, respectively, while observations in 2021 were 25-26 % and 27-28 %. The results of these studies indicate that the level of CBB attack on organic coffee plantations is no different from conventional coffee plantations that routinely use synthetic pesticides. This indicates that in organic coffee plantations, natural enemies have played an important role in suppressing the development of CBB populations. Although the use of synthetic pesticides in conventional coffee plantations can suppress pest populations, it is suspected that these pesticides also play a role in reducing the population of natural enemies of pests. Therefore, organic coffee cultivation is much more profitable, especially it can reduce the cost of buying synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, besides ensuring the safety of coffee farmers, workers, and consumers from harmful chemical contamination from pesticides.


2022 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 107017
Author(s):  
Ryo Omagari ◽  
Yuichi Miyabara ◽  
Shunji Hashimoto ◽  
Takashi Miyawaki ◽  
Masashi Toyota ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Boya Xiong ◽  
Mario A. Soriano ◽  
Kristina M. Gutchess ◽  
Nicholas Hoffman ◽  
Cassandra J. Clark ◽  
...  

Hydrogeologic transport contributes to limited organic chemical contamination in a region of intense gas extraction, even 10 years post-development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Yulian Zlobin ◽  
Ihor Kovalenko ◽  
Hanna Klymenko ◽  
Kateryna Kyrylchuk ◽  
Liudmyla Bondarieva ◽  
...  

Background: The article presents an algorithm of the vitality analysis of plant individuals in the populations that enables the assessment of the prospects for the existence of species within certain phytocenoses and provides important information on the conditions of their growth. There are three basic stages of the algorithm: the first stage is the selection of qualitative characters, which characterize the viability of individuals; the second stage is the assessment of the vitality of specific plant individuals included in the sampling; the third stage is an integral assessment of the population vitality structure. Objective: The goal of the study is to develop the basic algorithm for vitality analysis of populations based on the assessment of the vitality of plant individuals, as well as the authors’ algorithms for vitality analysis, considering the characteristic features of species, in particular, their different life strategies (C-type and R-type). The algorithm of the vitality analysis is demonstrated on the example of populations of the annual weed Persicaria scabra Moench (Polygonaceae), which grows in the pea crop planting (Sumy Region, Ukraine). Methods: The algorithm of vitality analysis is based on the method of Yu. A. Zlobin, which includes 3 main stages. The vitality analysis of populations is carried out on the basis of the assessment of the vitality of certain individuals. The assessment of the vitality structure of populations is the third stage of vitality analysis, where the population belonging to the prosperous, equilibrium, or depressive types is determined depending on the ratio of individuals of different vitality classes (a, b, c). The calculation of the vitality analysis provides for the transformation of absolute values into unit fractions. It ensures the equivalence of the contribution of each of the features used in the assessment of the vitality of individuals and populations as a whole. Results: The article presents a basic algorithm for vitality analysis of plant populations. It also shows the algorithm for vitality analysis considering some biological and ecological characters of the studied species, which may be used in special and relatively rare cases. Some examples of analyses with a well-defined primary strategy ‒ competitors (C-type) or explerents (R-type) have been presented in the article. To calculate the morphoparameters of plant individuals and populations, the most convenient is the statistical package “Statistics”, which provides for the possibility of calculation automation via the command line. The division of populations into three types according to vitality is of general nature. The method of assessing the population vitality is inherently comparative, and this feature is considered to be its advantage. Conclusion: Vitality analysis is useful in assessing the populations of rare plant species, meadow grasses, chemical contamination on the population of plants, identifying any changes in the status populations of forest herbs in the change of forest growth conditions, as well as a number of species of forest-forming tree species. The proposed variants of the algorithm to calculate the vitality of plant species and local populations are characterized by the high biological informative value and flexibility. The incorporated information on the vitality structure of populations in quantitative PVA models to predict their dynamics will significantly increase the reliability of forecasts regarding the prospects for the existence of phytopopulations of species in various plant communities.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOGGU JAGAN MOHAN REDDY ◽  
Ganteda Rama Rao ◽  
K. V. B. Ranjitha ◽  
G. Satya S ◽  
Naresh Kumar Katari

Abstract The several stagnant water resources contamination in urban areas mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and as well as pathogenic organisms. The objective of the present study is to determine the chemical contamination in pond water regardingsudden appearance of health problems among the people of certain areas in Eluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The results of ICP-MS investigations showed elemental impurities in water samples and physio-chemical parameters of pond water such as pH, TDS, EC, CC , Total Hardness etc., are studied in detailed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-543
Author(s):  
Aristo Vojdani ◽  
Elroy Vojdani

Autoimmune diseases affect 5–9% of the world’s population. It is now known that genetics play a relatively small part in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders in general, and that environmental factors have a greater role. In this review, we examine the role of the exposome, an individual’s lifetime exposure to external and internal factors, in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. The most common of these environmental factors are toxic chemicals, food/diet, and infections. Toxic chemicals are in our food, drink, common products, the air, and even the land we walk on. Toxic chemicals can directly damage self-tissue and cause the release of autoantigens, or can bind to human tissue antigens and form neoantigens, which can provoke autoimmune response leading to autoimmunity. Other types of autoimmune responses can also be induced by toxic chemicals through various effects at the cellular and biochemical levels. The food we eat every day commonly has colorants, preservatives, or packaging-related chemical contamination. The food itself may be antigenic for susceptible individuals. The most common mechanism for food-related autoimmunity is molecular mimicry, in which the food’s molecular structure bears a similarity with the structure of one or more self-tissues. The solution is to detect the trigger, remove it from the environment or diet, then repair the damage to the individual’s body and health.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE NGAN PHUONG

Thực trạng, nguyên nhân, hậu quả, giải pháp của ô nhiễm hóa chất


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE NGAN PHUONG

Thực trạng, nguyên nhân, hậu quả và giải pháp của ô nhiễm hóa chất


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE NGAN PHUONG ◽  
NGUYEN Y NHI ◽  
Ngo Viet Quan

Ô nhiễm hóa chất gây tác động xấu đến con người và môi trường


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