Classification of Two Swedish Forest Streams in Accordance with the European Union Water Framework Directive

AMBIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Löfgren ◽  
Maria Kahlert ◽  
Mats Johansson ◽  
Jakob Bergengren
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Forest Streams

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-Chemical Indicators of Water and Bottom Macrofauna the Starzyc Lake on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Piotr Daniszewski ◽  
Ryszard Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Level I

Have studied lake close to neutral pH 7.70 to 7.74. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. Studies have shown a diverse water quality in lakes in relation to tested indicators. By analyzing the average annual values can be noted that the pH of the water, the O2diss and the concentration of NH4+, NO2ˉ, NO3ˉ, PO43-diss showed a relatively small variation in all investigated Lakes. The level of the total suspended solids in Starzyc lake the peasant was on level II class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II and III quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. In the case of nitrogen-compounds nitrates and nitrites values for these indicators were at level I and II class in all the surveyed lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. In 2008 attendance related macrofauna test bed showed that the most common they were mud-eating and larvae chironomids, oligochaeta (F = 100 %), which consisted of Tischlera classification of the species is absolutely solid. Among larvae of Chironomidae the species is absolutely integral were Chironomus f. l. plumosus (F = 100 %). However Chaoborus sp. belong to the accesoric species. Other designated species of fauna were accidental species of benthic (F) = 25 %. In 2009 attendance related macrofauna test bed showed that the most common they were mud-eating and larvae chironomids, oligochaeta (F = 100 %), which consisted of Tischlera classification of the species is absolutely solid. Among larvae of Chironomidae the species is absolutely integral were Chironomus f. l. plumosus (F = 100 %). However Asellus aquaticus Racov. and Chaoborus sp. belong to the accesoric species. Other designated species of fauna were accidental species of benthic (F) = 25 %. Fauna of the Starzyc Lake bottom during summer stagnation was poor in terms of quality, which proves its considerable biological degradation. In terms of the concentration in the test macrozoobenthos Lake dominated and Oligochaeta, Diptera larvae.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-Chemical Indicators of Water and Bottom Macrofauna the Resko Lake on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Piotr Daniszewski ◽  
Ryszard Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Level I ◽  
Sediment Bottom

Have studied lake close to neutral pH – 7.67 to 7.73. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class.The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Tested water lakes were changing the concentration of the PO43-sdiss - these concentrations correspond to water quality from III. The increase of the concentrations of phosphorus in the Lake may indicate a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the waters of the shallow and changes their status to release phosphorus compounds accumulated redox in sediment bottom. In the case of nitrogen-compounds nitrates and nitrites values for these indicators were at level I and II class in all the surveyed lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. Indicator, which indicates the high productivity of Lake is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The level of this indicator values on the studied Lake was on level III class. In the remaining Lake oxygen concentration was similar (continued in I class). Fauna of the Resko Lake bottom during summer stagnation was poor in terms of quality, which proves its considerable biological degradation. In terms of the concentration in the test macrozoobenthos Lake dominated, and Oligochaeta, Diptera larvae.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-Chemical Indicators of Water of the Starzyc Lake on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Piotr Daniszewski ◽  
Ryszard Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Moment

The work shows the evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of water Starzyc lake, based on the European Union Water Framework Directive. Research was carried out in the years 2008-2009, in the period from April to October. With each of the three measuring stations on the tested water samples were taken two separate Lakes for chemical analysis. At the place of sampling were numbered pH. Trying to test water were taken by Polish Standards. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standards. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. Have studied lake close to neutral pH 7.64 to 7.76. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. Studies have shown a diverse water quality in lakes in relation to tested indicators. By analyzing the average annual values can be noted that the pH of the water, the O2diss and the concentration of NO3-showed a relatively small variation in all investigated Lakes. The level of the General Suspension in Starzyc lake the peasant was on level II class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II and III quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. The concentration of total phosphorus is 0,32-0,47 mg⋅dm–3.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-Chemical Indicators of Water of the Resko Lake on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Piotr Daniszewski ◽  
Ryszard Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Moment

The work shows the evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of water Resko lake, based on the European Union Water Framework Directive. Research was carried out in the years 2008-2009, in the period from April to October. With each of the three measuring stations on the tested water samples were taken two separate Lakes for chemical analysis. At the place of sampling were numbered pH. Trying to test water were taken by Polish Standards. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standards. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. Have studied lake close to neutral pH - 7.63 to 7.79. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. Studies have shown a diverse water quality in lakes in relation to tested indicators. By analyzing the average annual values can be noted that the pH of the water, the O2diss and the concentration of NO3ˉ showed a relatively small variation in all investigated Lakes. The level of the General Suspension in Resko lake the peasant was on level II class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. The concentration of total phosphorus is 0,22-0,29 mg⋅dm–3.

scholarly journals Towards Circular Economy—A Comparative Analysis of the Countries of the European Union

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Population Member ◽  
Research Population

There are many studies which implement and assess existing measurement manners and document the progress of entities towards the circular economy (CE) at various levels, or present or propose new possibilities of measurement. The majority of them refer to the micro level. The aim of this paper is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of the implementation of circular economy by EU countries. After an in-depth critical analysis of the literature, CE indicators which were proposed by the European Commission were adopted as a basis. Owing to the research population-Member States of the European Union (EU-28), focusing on the said indicators was declared reasonable in all aspects. The classification of EU countries according to the level of their advancement in the concept of CE was adopted as a main research task. In order to do so, a relevant index of development of circular economy was created (IDCE). This will allow us, inter alia, to trace changes in the spatial differentiation of advancement of the EU countries in implementing CE over the years, to identify CE implementation leaders as well as countries particularly delayed in this regard. The comparative analysis was conducted by means of statistical methods. On the basis of the analyses, it was concluded that among all EU countries, those of the old EU are the most advanced in terms of CE. The analysis confirmed significant rising trends for IDCE only in the case of Belgium and The Netherlands.

scholarly journals Using Neural Networks in Order to Analyze Telework Adaptability across the European Union Countries: A Case Study of the Most Relevant Scenarios to Occur in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10586
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Mihaela Iordache ◽  
Codruța Cornelia Dura ◽  
Cristina Coculescu ◽  
Claudia Isac ◽  
Ana Preda
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Final Layer ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Input Variables

Our study addresses the issue of telework adoption by countries in the European Union and draws up a few feasible scenarios aimed at improving telework’s degree of adaptability in Romania. We employed the dataset from the 2020 Eurofound survey on Living, Working and COVID-19 (Round 2) in order to extract ten relevant determinants of teleworking on the basis of 24,123 valid answers provided by respondents aged 18 and over: the availability of work equipment; the degree of satisfaction with the experience of working from home; the risks related to potential contamination with SARS-CoV-2 virus; the employees’ openness to adhering to working-from-home patterns; the possibility of maintaining work–life balance objectives while teleworking; the level of satisfaction on the amount and the quality of work submitted, etc. Our methodology entailed the employment of SAS Enterprise Guide software to perform a cluster analysis resulting in a preliminary classification of the EU countries with respect to the degree that they have been able to adapt to telework. Further on, in order to refine this taxonomy, a multilayer perceptron neural network with ten input variables in the initial layer, six neurons in the intermediate layer, and three neurons in the final layer was successfully trained. The results of our research demonstrate the existence of significant disparities in terms of telework adaptability, such as: low to moderate levels of adaptability (detected in countries such as Greece, Croatia, Portugal, Spain, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Italy); fair levels of adaptability (encountered in France, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, or Romania); and high levels of adaptability (exhibited by intensely digitalized economies such Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, etc.).

scholarly journals Proposal on placing of composting place in micro-region Lednice and Valtice

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Pavel Zemánek ◽  
Patrik Burg
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Real Condition

In relation to entrance of Czech Republic to the European union and with wo-revolving harmonization of our law order with EU direction, happen to classification of composting meaning. In presents act there are two circle of problems. First is utilization of rising waste, the second is perfection of soil fertility and raising of enviroment quality.The contribution deal with problems of modelling solution of place to biowaste composting and it´s optimum placing, applied on concrete conditions of the Lednice-Valtice Area. The basis is placement of dominant producer of biowaste, their kind, quantity and season in relation to prescription of compost fill. The proposal of compost technology enable determine size of place and help solve its placing.Circumscribed method is able to find practical exploitation at creation of place suggestion in real condition of existent areas.

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