scholarly journals CAPITAL STRUCTURE IMPACT ON MARKET VALUE OF MERGING COMPANIES

2014 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
V. S. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
The Capital Structure

As a rule there are significant changes in the capital structure due to mergers and takeovers that's why the management task at the prediction stage is a correct evaluation of these changes influence on the cost of the future company. This article contains methods of evaluating the capital structure influence on the company cost within different evaluation approaches and the most detailed description of the methods used within the income approach. Here is a method of calculating a weighted average cost of capital based on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and restrictions connected with this model use. It is defined whether there is a necessity to correct the predicted cost of attracting own or borrowed assets.

scholarly journals Cost of Capital Estimation for Highway Concessionaires in Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Vergara-Novoa ◽  
Juan Pedro Sepúlveda-Rojas ◽  
Miguel D. Alfaro ◽  
Nicolás Riveros
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Capital Structure

In this paper, we present the cost of capital estimation for highway concessionaires in Chile. We estimated the cost of equity and the cost of debt and determined the capital structure for each one of twenty-four concessionaires that operate highways. We based our estimations on the developments of Sharpe (1964), Modigliani and Miller (1958), and Maquieira (2009), which were also compared with the Brusov et al. (2015) developments. We collected stock prices for different highway concessionaires around the world from Google Finance and Reuters’ websites in order to determine the Beta of equity using a representative company. After that, we estimated the cost of equity considering Hamada (1969) and a Capital Asset Pricing Model. Then, we estimated the cost of capital using the cost of debt and the capital structure of Chile’s highway concessionaires. With all above, we were able to determine the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for highway concessions which ranges from 5.49 to 6.62%.

scholarly journals BIAYA MODAL DAN BIAYA HUTANG DALAM KEUANGAN ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Ali Muhayatsyah
Keyword(s):  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Price Theory ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Debt Capital ◽  
The Cost

This study discusses financial policies related to costs of capital and costs of debt (capital structure) in the concept of Islamic finance. For a long time capital structure theory has evolved and is used as a reference for evaluating investment decisions for investors and companies that provide a role for managers in making decisions related to the use of company capital so as to improve company performance and value. The current understanding of the cost of equity only refers to the rate of return that is the investor's right to invest in the company. While the cost of debt is understood as the part that must be received from an investment so that the minimum level of return of creditors is met. The underlying theory is, such as the Leverage model; Miller-Modigliani (MM) model; Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM); Arbitrage Price Theory (APT); and Gordon's model which has so far been used in financial theories relating to capital structure problems. The concept of capital structure in Islamic finance gives specific emphasis on the use of capital. The concept of self-regulated capital must be in accordance with Islamic law. This means that any use of capital or debt must have a clear purpose in accordance with Islamic principles with the aim of maximizing the problem so that the creation of falah. In the concept of Islamic capital, it is permissible to take a share of profits on capital, but the amount cannot be determined based on a percentage of capital. The profit is an incentive for capital used in business projects, the calculation of which is done after the business process is completed and other obligations have been fulfilled. Keywords: Costs of Capital, Costs of Debt, Capital Structure, Islamic Finance   Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas tentang kebijakan keuangan yang berkaitan dengan biaya modal dan biaya hutang (struktur modal) dalam konsep keuangan Islam. Sejak lama teori struktur modal telah berkembang dan dijadikan sebagai rujukan penilaian keputusan investasi bagi investor maupun perusahaan yang memberikan peran kepada manajer dalam mengambil keputusan terkait penggunaan modal perusahaan sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan nilai perusahaan. Pemahaman selama ini mengenai biaya ekuitas hanya mengacu pada tingkat pengembalian yang merupakan hak investor atas investasinya di perusahaan. Sedangkan biaya hutang dipahami sebagai bagian yang harus diterima dari suatu investasi agar tingkat hasil minimum para kreditor terpenuhi. Teori yang melandasi tersebut seperti, model Leverage; model Miller-Modigliani (MM); Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM); Arbitrage Price Theory (APT); dan model Gordon yang selama ini digunakan pada teori-teori keuangan yang berkaitan dengan masalah struktur modal. Konsep struktur modal dalam keuangan Islam memberikan penekanan secara spesifik dalam penggunaan modal.Konsep modal sendiri diatur harus sesuai dengan hukum Islam. Artinya setiap penggunaan modal atau hutang harus memiliki tujuan yang jelas sesuai dengan prinsip syariah dengan tujuan untuk memaksimumkan maslahah sehingga terciptanya falah. Dalam konsep modal Islam memperbolehkan pengambilan bagian keuntungan atas modal namun besarannya tidak boleh ditetapkan berdasarkan persentase dari modal. Laba tersebut merupakan insentif atas modal yang digunakan dalam proyek bisnis yang perhitungannya dilakukan sesudah proses bisnis selesai dan kewajiban-kewajiban lain telah terpenuhi. Kata kunci: Biaya Modal, Biaya Hutang, Struktur Modal, Keuangan Islam

scholarly journals Optimization of capital structure as a tool for managing the value of dairy enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
O.M. Varchenko ◽  
I. Artіmonova ◽  
N. Kholodenko
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Retained Earnings ◽  
The Capital Structure

The article is devoted to the study of methodological and practical approaches to optimizing the capital structure as a tool for managing the value of dairy enterprises. It is established that the most common and suitable for research in the context of optimizing the capital structure are two theories: compromise and the theory of the hierarchy of funding sources. It is argued that compromise models are not designed to accurately determine the optimal capital structure of the enterprise, but allow that the owners from the standpoint of risk is most advantageous to rank sources of funding as follows: retained earnings; debt sources; equity instruments, shares. It is proved that only in the complex use of approaches of foreign theories of capital structure optimization and developments of domestic scientists taking into account the environment of business entities it is possible to develop effective tools for maximizing the market value of the enterprise, minimizing the average market value of capital and risk of financial stability. The calculation of the integrated indicator of financial stability is offered, which allows to determine the level of the financial stability reserve, which allows to take into account the industry specifics and to carry out current monitoring of financial stability at the enterprise. It is substantiated that one of the methods of quantitative assessment of capital structure and substantiation of its optimal structure is the method of capital expenditures. It is argued that the estimated weighted average cost of capital varies in a fairly narrow range, is one of the key factors in the value of business, and achieving a minimum level of such a barrier rate increases the company's ability to make effective investments. It is established that determining the optimal financial structure of capital is one of the most difficult problems of financial management of dairy enterprises. It was found that the management of the formation and use of capital of dairy enterprises is focused on meeting the needs of sources of financing of their economic activities, and to achieve a balanced structure of sources of financing of capital by economic entities is possible only on the basis of optimization criteria. It is proved that the calculation of the weighted average cost of capital based on the capital assets model (CAPM) should be used provided reliable information on intra-industry indicators, in a developed stock market and the turnover of shares in the securities market. Key words: capital structure. cost of capital, cost management, dairy enterprises.

scholarly journals CAPITAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS TO OPTIMIZE THE PROFITABILITY OF MSMES (CASE STUDY ON MSMES HIKMAH IN SIDOARJO, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Danur Ramadhani ◽  
Agus Sukoco ◽  
Joko Suyono
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Capital Structure

This study aims to analyze the capital structure used to optimize profitability in MSME embroidery shoes. This study uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The analytical method is used Weighted Average Cost Of Capital (WACC). The techniques of data collection in this research used interview, observation, documentation and triangulation methods. The data that used are financial transaction records and financial statements issued by the company itself. The results showed that UD. Hikmah used the composition of the capital structure consisting of debt of 20%, 80% own capital with a ROE rate of 170%. Optimization results obtained the optimal capital structure composition on the composition of debt 23% and own capital 77%. By generating a level of profitability that can provide a favorable return for business owners, with the highest calculation of ROE that is equal to 173% and the cost of capital to be borne is Rp.18.238.000 every year.

scholarly journals Share Capital Management in the Context of Ensuring Competitive Advantages of the Retail Business Entity

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
А. С. Дядін ◽  
Н. В. Бобро
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

It has been proved that capital is a resource that is accumulated and is involved in the processes of reproduction and growth of value through mutual conversion of its various types, which are invested in the creation of assets, which is the total amount of financial resources of enterprises. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to determine the most rational ratio of capital indicators calculated on the basis of factors of influence, risks and practical experience that brings the target capital structure as close as possible to its optimal value. Given that the capital structure affects the market value of the enterprise through the price of capital, the concept of capital structure is studied in the same theoretical complex with the concepts of capital value and market value of the enterprise. The analysis has demonstrated that the first stage of optimizing the financial structure of enterprise’s capital as a specific object of anti-crisis retail business allows to determine the presence or absence of capital volume for a particular business entity. If the answer is positive, the optimization of the ratio of all sources of capital is carried out within this volume. If the available amount of capital is insufficient, it is necessary to find out whether the company has the opportunity to expand it and the sources to accomplish it. The second stage – assessing the capital structure by the criterion of financial stability – is carried out by comparing the actual values of the ratio of the current assets of business entities in retail trade in equity with the “normal” value, where its minimum level is 0.1. The capital structure is assessed during the third stage from the standpoint of the value of capital. Appropriate calculations are made by using the weighted average cost of capital of a business entity. The capital structure is evaluated during the fourth stage in terms of its efficiency. The basis for assessing the structure of capital by the criterion of its effectiveness is the calculation of the effect of financial leverage in previous periods and determining the impact of individual factors (return on assets, weighted average cost of debt, share of debt and equity) on this effect by using the method of chain substitutions regarding the weighted average cost of borrowed capital adjusted for the net operating result of the investment, the value of leased fixed assets, the amount of rent, as well as the share of financial loans, trade payables and long-term credit in the form of leased fixed assets in total borrowed capital. Finally, the target-oriented capital structure is formed during the fifth stage, taking into account the obtained results of optimization according to all the criteria and features of the components of capital and the factors that affect them. The fulfillment of this stage requires a thorough development of specific measures that should allow to form the necessary capital structure of the business entity in retail.

Bivariate Analysis of Capital Asset Pricing Model in Indian Capital Market

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Manjunatha ◽  
T Mallikarjunappa
Keyword(s):  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Portfolio Returns ◽  
Security Returns ◽  
Two Parameter

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) establishes the relationship between risks and returns in the efficient capital markets. A review of studies conducted for various markets in the world reveals that researchers have used a number of methodologies to test the validity of CAPM. While some studies have supported the validity of CAPM, some others have revealed that beta alone is not a suitable determinant of asset pricing and that a number of other factors could explain the cross-section of returns. This paper has attempted to test the validity of the combination effect of the two parameter CAPM to determine the security⁄portfolio returns. The results show that: Intercept is not significantly different from zero. The combination of sizei and ln(BE/ME)i explains the variation in security returns under both percentage and log returns series. The combination of βi and ln(BE/ME)i, βi and (Rm-Rf)i, sizei and (E/P)i, and (E/P)i and (BE/ME)i explains the variation in security returns when log return series is used and the combination of βi and (Rm-Rf)i explains the variation in security returns when percentage return series is used. In case of portfolios, the combination of βp and Rm-Rf explains the variation of portfolio returns when portfolios formed with market value weights under both percentage and log returns and βp and ln(BE/ME)p explain the portfolio percentage returns when market value weights are used. It is observed that while combinations of some of the independent variables, as opposed to the univariate variable considered in Manjunatha and Mallikarjunappa's (2006) paper, explain the variations in security⁄portfolio returns, the other combinations do not explain the variation in the security⁄portfolio returns. Further analysis in this paper has shown that beta, with some of the combinations of the independent variables, explains the variation in security⁄portfolio returns. However, beta alone, when considered individually in the two parameter regressions, does not explain the variation in security⁄ portfolio returns. This casts doubt on the validity of the standard form of CAPM. In the light of these findings, it can be concluded that beta alone is not sufficient to determine the expected returns on the securities⁄portfolios. The empirical findings of this paper would be useful to financial analysts in the Indian capital market. Further research on the combination of market factors, firms' specific factors, and macroeconomic factors is needed to enlarge the understanding of modern finance and to cover fresh ground to unravel the mysteries and ramifications of the CAPM puzzle.

Comparison of the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Three-Factor Model in a Business Cycle: Empirical Evidence from the Vietnamese Stock Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luong Tram Anh
Keyword(s):  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Three Factor

Using data from 2010 to 2019, for the first time, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Three-factor Model (TFM) are compared in different contexts of the Vietnamese economy (recession and recovery). This paper employs four tests including the t-test, determination coefficient R2, Chow-test and GRS-test to examine the performance of the two models. Results show the superiority of the TFM over the CAPM in both contexts of the economy, consistent with Fama and French’s studies. This promises that the TFM can be used to replace the CAPM in capturing the cost of equity. Another finding is that the two models tend to perform better in recession than recovery. This study contributes to the literature about asset-pricing models and their performances in different economic contexts. Moreover, the findings also offer insights into the use of the CAPM and TFM in developing countries in general and Vietnam, in particular.

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