A Case Series on the Effects of Kripalu Yoga for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Morgan ◽  
Marlysa Sullivan ◽  
Akihiko Masuda ◽  
Erin Tully ◽  
Lindsey L. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Post Intervention

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder associated with substantial impairment and poor treatment response. Yoga influences processes that are linked to the maintenance of GAD including mindfulness, anxiety, and heart rate variability, but has yet to be evaluated among people with the disorder. The present study is a first step toward documenting the efficacy of yoga for reducing worry among people with GAD using a single-subject AB design case series and daily ratings of worry. Standardized self-report measures of worry, trait anxiety, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, and heart rate variability were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Three participants with primary GAD received eight twice-weekly Kripalu yoga sessions following a baseline data collection period. All participants showed systematic improvement in daily worry ratings on at least one index and all scores on self-reported measures of worry, anxiety, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness changed in the expected direction following yoga (with one or two exceptions). Participants also showed improved heart rate variability during a worry period from pre- to post-intervention. Yoga has the potential to improve the processes linked to GAD and should stimulate further research in this area.

Heart rate variability: A biomarker of selective response to mindfulness-based treatment versus fluoxetine in generalized anxiety disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
Rafael Ferreira-Garcia ◽  
Marianna de Abreu Costa ◽  
Francine Guimarães Gonçalves ◽  
Roberto Guedes de Nonohay ◽  
Antonio Egídio Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

scholarly journals Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Comorbid Major Depression and Heart Rate Variability: A Case-Control Study in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-An Chang ◽  
Chuan-Chia Chang ◽  
Nian-Sheng Tzeng ◽  
Terry B. J. Kuo ◽  
Ru-Band Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Control Study

Heart rate variability and generalized anxiety disorder during laboratory-induced worry and aversive imagery

2016 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Levine ◽  
Raymond Fleming ◽  
Joanna I. Piedmont ◽  
Samantha M. Cain ◽  
Wei-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

scholarly journals Effect of music therapy on heart rate variability in generalized anxiety disorder: A poincaré analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bithi Mallik ◽  
Sultana Ferdousi ◽  
Shamima Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Linear Measure ◽  
Poincaré Plot ◽  
Plot Analysis

Background: Poincare plot analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a complex nonlinear method for assessing cardiac autonomic nerve function (CANF) in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Objective: This study aimed to observe the effect of music therapy on HRV by poincaré plot analysis in GAD patients. Methods: This prospective Interventional study was done in 2019 on 60 newly diagnosed GAD patients aged 20- 40 years, both male and female. Among them, 30 patients were under music therapy with Raga Bhairabi based Rabindra Sangeet for 3 months and 30 patients were without music therapy and both patient groups were studied over three months. Healthy controls, who were enrolled in this study, were Age, sex and BMI matched. Poincaré plot (non linear measure) of HRV of all GAD patients and control were recorded at baseline and after three months of follow up. HRV were recorded by Power Lab 8/ 35. For statistical analysis Bonferroni’s Post Hoc test and paired sample ‘t’ test were done. Results:Standard deviation of the points perpendicular to the axis of line of identity(SD1), standard deviation of the points along the axis of line of identity (SD2) SD and SD1/SD2 were significantly lower in all GAD patients compared to healthy control at baseline. After 3 months of music therapy, significant increment of these parameters occurred in GAD patients, whereas no changes of these except SD1 were noted in patients without music therapy after 3 months. Moreover, these parameters were not significantly different in patients under music therapy compared to control at the end of three months. Conclusion: This study concluded that music therapy can improve cardiac autonomic dysfunction in GAD patients. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2020, June; 15(1): 39-45

Attenuated vagally-mediated heart rate variability at rest and in response to postural maneuvers in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-An Chang ◽  
Wen-Hui Fang ◽  
Fang-Jung Wan ◽  
Nian-Sheng Tzeng ◽  
Yia-Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Sympathovagal Balance ◽  
Medium Effect Size

AbstractBackgroundAltered heart rate variability (HRV), an index of autonomic nervous system function, has been reported in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), but the results have been mixed. Thus, the present study, using a large sample size and better methodology, aims to examine whether GAD is associated with impaired HRV, both at rest and in response to posture challenges.MethodsIn total, 1832 participants were recruited in this study, consisting of 682 patients with GAD (including 326 drug- and comorbidity-free GAD patients) and 1150 healthy controls. Short-term HRV was measured during the supine-standing-supine test (5-min per position). Propensity score matching (PSM), a relatively novel method, was used to control for potential confounders.ResultsAfter PSM algorithm, drug- and comorbidity-free GAD patients had reductions in resting (baseline) high-frequency power (HF), an index for parasympathetic modulation, and increases in the low-frequency/HF ratio (LF/HF), an index for sympathovagal balance as compared to matched controls. Furthermore, the responses of HF and LF/HF to posture changes were all attenuated when compared with matched controls. Effect sizes, given by Cohen's d, for resting HF and HF reactivity were 0.42 and 0.36–0.42, respectively.ConclusionsGAD is associated with altered sympathovagal balance, characterized by attenuation in both resting vagal modulation and vagal reactivity, with an almost medium effect size (Cohen's d ≈ 0.4), regardless of medication use or comorbidity status.

Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of Improvement in Emotional Interference in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna de Abreu Costa ◽  
Francine Guimarães Gonçalves ◽  
Rafael Ferreira-Garcia ◽  
Flavia de Moraes ◽  
Roberto Guedes de Nonohay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Interference

Measurement Invariant but Non-Normal Treatment Responses in Guided Internet Psychotherapies for Depressive and Generalized Anxiety Disorders

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110625
Author(s):  
Tom H. Rosenström ◽  
Ville Ritola ◽  
Suoma Saarni ◽  
Grigori Joffe ◽  
Jan-Henry Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
Normally Distributed

Assessment of treatment response in psychotherapies can be undermined by lack of longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) in symptom self-report inventories, by measurement error, and/or by wrong model assumptions. To understand and compare these threats to validity of outcome assessment in psychotherapy research, we studied LMI, sum scores, and Davidian Curve Item Response Theory models in a naturalistic guided internet psychotherapy treatment register of 2,218 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients and 3,922 depressive disorder (DD) patients (aged ≥16 years). Symptoms were repeatedly assessed by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 (GAD-7) or Beck Depression Inventory. The symptom self-reports adhered to LMI under equivalence testing, suggesting sum scores are reasonable proxies for disorder status. However, the standard LMI assumption of normally distributed latent factors did not hold and inflated treatment response estimates by 0.2 to 0.3 standard deviation units compared with sum scores. Further methodological research on non-normally distributed latent constructs holds promise in advancing LMI and mental health assessment.

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