scholarly journals THE ROLE OF AUTOANTIBODIES IN VARIOUS CELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR CARDIAC STRUCTURES IN CHILDREN WITH HEART RHYTHM DISTURBANCES (A REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Plotnikova ◽  
L. I. Svintsova ◽  
O. Yu. Dzhaffarova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Conduction Disorders ◽  
Intracellular Proteins

This review discusses the role of autoimmune mechanisms in the development of heart rhythm disturbances and conduction disorders of various origins. The search was performed using PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. Specific cardiovascular diseases (dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, conduction disorders) developing in childhood and adolescence are associated with an increase in titer to intracellular proteins specific to myocardiocytes and cells of the cardiac conduction system. Candidate autoantibodies markers for autoimmune response have been selected. The rationale for analyzing the immune status of heart rhythm disturbances in children and adolescents has been provided.

Dynamical behavior of cardiac conduction system under external disturbances: simulation based on microcontroller technology

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Fonkou ◽  
Patrick Louodop ◽  
Pierre Kisito Talla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Purkinje Fibers

Abstract The heart rhythm is one of the most interesting aspects of the dynamic behavior of biological systems. Understanding heart rhythms is essential in the dynamic analysis of the heart. Each type of dynamic behaviour can describe normal or pathological physiology. The heart is made up of nodes ranging from SA node (natural pacemaker) to Purkinje fibers. The electric current originates in the sinus node and travels through the heart until it reaches the Purkinje fibers, causing after its passage through each of the nodes a heartbeat thus constituting the electrocardiogram (ECG). Since the origin of the electric current is the sinus node, in this article we study numerically and experimentally by microcontroller the influence of the sinus node on the propagation of electric current through the heart. A study of the sinus node in its autonomous state shows us that in their coupled state, the nodes of the heart qualitatively reproduce the time series of the action potential of this latter, which leads to the recording of the ECG. A study when the sinus node is subjected to periodic pulsed excitation E 1(t) = kP(t), assumed to come from blood pressure, with P(t) the blood pressure, shows that for some selected frequencies, it is found that the nodes of the heart and the ECG exhibit responses having the same shape and the same frequencies as those of the pulsatile blood pressure. This suggests the possibility of using such a conversion and excitation mechanism to replicate the functioning of cardiac conduction system. The chaotic analysis of the sinus node subjected to a sinusoidal type disturbance (E 0sin(ωt)) is also presented, it shows that in its chaotic state, the nodes of the heart, as well as the ECG, provide very high frequency signals. This requires the control of the sinus node (natural pacemaker) in such a situation

scholarly journals Bioengineering the Cardiac Conduction System: Advances in Cellular, Gene, and Tissue Engineering for Heart Rhythm Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Naumova ◽  
Laura Iop
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Heart rhythm disturbances caused by different etiologies may affect pediatric and adult patients with life-threatening consequences. When pharmacological therapy is ineffective in treating the disturbances, the implantation of electronic devices to control and/or restore normal heart pacing is a unique clinical management option. Although these artificial devices are life-saving, they display many limitations; not least, they do not have any capability to adapt to somatic growth or respond to neuroautonomic physiological changes. A biological pacemaker could offer a new clinical solution for restoring heart rhythms in the conditions of disorder in the cardiac conduction system. Several experimental approaches, such as cell-based, gene-based approaches, and the combination of both, for the generation of biological pacemakers are currently established and widely studied. Pacemaker bioengineering is also emerging as a technology to regenerate nodal tissues. This review analyzes and summarizes the strategies applied so far for the development of biological pacemakers, and discusses current translational challenges toward the first-in-human clinical application.

scholarly journals Role of Homeodomain-Only Protein in the Cardiac Conduction System

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Fraz A. Ismat ◽  
Vickas V. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System

Role of the Cardiac Conduction System in Determining the QRS Amplitude after Bleeding

Cardiology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Manoach ◽  
Edith Grosman ◽  
Daliah Varon ◽  
Nissim Kauli ◽  
Simon Gitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System

scholarly journals PRC1 Stabilizes Cardiac Contraction by Regulating Cardiac Sarcomere Assembly and Cardiac Conduction System Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11368
Author(s):  
Xixia Peng ◽  
Gang Feng ◽  
Yanyong Zhang ◽  
Yuhua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Atrioventricular Canal ◽  
Cardiac Sarcomere

Cardiac development is a complex process that is strictly controlled by various factors, including PcG protein complexes. Several studies have reported the critical role of PRC2 in cardiogenesis. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of PRC1 in embryonic heart development. To gain more insight into the mechanistic role of PRC1 in cardiogenesis, we generated a PRC1 loss-of-function zebrafish line by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting rnf2, a gene encoding the core subunit shared by all PRC1 subfamilies. Our results revealed that Rnf2 is not involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart tube formation, but that it is crucial to maintaining regular cardiac contraction. Further analysis suggested that Rnf2 loss-of-function disrupted cardiac sarcomere assembly through the ectopic activation of non-cardiac sarcomere genes in the developing heart. Meanwhile, Rnf2 deficiency disrupts the construction of the atrioventricular canal and the sinoatrial node by modulating the expression of bmp4 and other atrioventricular canal marker genes, leading to an impaired cardiac conduction system. The disorganized cardiac sarcomere and defective cardiac conduction system together contribute to defective cardiac contraction. Our results emphasize the critical role of PRC1 in the cardiac development.

scholarly journals Sudden Unexpected Death Associated with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Study of the Cardiac Conduction System

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Giulia Ottaviani ◽  
Graziella Alfonsi ◽  
Simone G. Ramos ◽  
L. Maximilian Buja
Keyword(s):  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right

A retrospective study was conducted on pathologically diagnosed arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) from consecutive cases over the past 34 years (n = 1109). The anatomo-pathological analyses were performed on 23 hearts diagnosed as ACM (2.07%) from a series of 1109 suspected cases, while histopathological data of cardiac conduction system (CCS) were available for 15 out of 23 cases. The CCS was removed in two blocks, containing the following structures: Sino-atrial node (SAN), atrio-ventricular junction (AVJ) including the atrio-ventricular node (AVN), the His bundle (HB), the bifurcation (BIF), the left bundle branch (LBB) and the right bundle branch (RBB). The ACM cases consisted of 20 (86.96%) sudden unexpected cardiac death (SUCD) and 3 (13.04%) native explanted hearts; 16 (69.56%) were males and 7 (30.44%) were females, ranging in age from 5 to 65 (mean age ± SD, 36.13 ± 16.06) years. The following anomalies of the CCS, displayed as percentages of the 15 ACM SUCD cases in which the CCS has been fully analyzed, have been detected: Hypoplasia of SAN (80%) and/or AVJ (86.67%) due to fatty-fibrous involvement, AVJ dispersion and/or septation (46.67%), central fibrous body (CFB) hypoplasia (33.33%), fibromuscular dysplasia of SAN (20%) and/or AVN (26.67%) arteries, hemorrhage and infarct-like lesions of CCS (13.33%), islands of conduction tissue in CFB (13.33%), Mahaim fibers (13.33%), LBB block by fibrosis (13.33%), AVN tongue (13.33%), HB duplicity (6.67%%), CFB cartilaginous meta-hyperplasia (6.67%), and right sided HB (6.67%). Arrhythmias are the hallmark of ACM, not only from the fatty-fibrous disruption of the ventricular myocardium that accounts for reentrant ventricular tachycardia, but also from the fatty-fibrous involvement of CCS itself. Future research should focus on application of these knowledge on CCS anomalies to be added to diagnostic criteria or at least to be useful to detect the patients with higher sudden death risks.

scholarly journals Functional suppression of Kcnq1 leads to early sodium channel remodelling and cardiac conduction system dysmorphogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel J. de la Rosa ◽  
Jorge N. Domínguez ◽  
David Sedmera ◽  
Bara Sankova ◽  
Leif Hove-Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System
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