scholarly journals Gender disparity effect among financially included (and excluded) women in Middle East and North Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Antonella Francesca Cicchiello ◽  
Amirreza Kazemikhasragh ◽  
Anna Maria Fellegara ◽  
Stefano Monferrà
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
High Income ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Study Support ◽  
New Evidence

Gender in financial inclusion is an evolving field of research. This study uses the World Bank’s Global Findex database, along with probit models, to investigate the presence of gender inequality on financial inclusion and its causes. In the Middle East and North Africa samples, we present new evidence of lower women’s financial inclusion. Being a man, older, well-educated and with a high-income increases the likelihood of being financially included. The findings of this study support policymaker in defining policies to promote financial inclusion in the Middle East and North Africa. Increasing the level of financial inclusion enhances the level of official savings in countries, which in turn promotes development.

scholarly journals Improving Capacity Development for Threatened Maritime and Marine Cultural Heritage Through the Evaluation of a Parameter Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-427
Author(s):  
Katherine Recinos ◽  
Lucy Blue
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Development Initiatives

Abstract Maritime cultural heritage is under increasing threat around the world, facing damage, destruction, and disappearance. Despite attempts to mitigate these threats, maritime cultural heritage is often not addressed to the same extent or with equal resources. One approach that can be applied towards protecting and conserving threatened cultural heritage, and closing this gap, is capacity development. This paper addresses the question of how capacity development can be improved and adapted for the protection of maritime cultural heritage under threat. It asserts that capacity development for maritime cultural heritage can be improved by gaining a more comprehensive and structured understanding of capacity development initiatives through applying a consistent framework for evaluation and analysis. This allows for assessment and reflection on previous or ongoing initiatives, leading to the implementation of more effective initiatives in the future. In order to do this, a model for classifying initiatives by ten parameters is proposed. It is then applied to a number of case studies featuring initiatives in the Middle East and North Africa region. This is followed by a discussion of how conclusions and themes drawn from the examination and evaluation of the case study initiatives can provide a deeper understanding of capacity development efforts, and an analysis of how the parameter model as a framework can aid in improving capacity development for threatened maritime cultural heritage overall.

Empowerment Against All Odds

2017 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Bettina Lynda Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Environmental Level

The number of women-owned businesses worldwide has increased significantly, a development that extends to other parts of the world, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This region's cultural and socioeconomic idiosyncrasies offer unique perspectives on women entrepreneurship. This article provides a critical overview over the situation of female entrepreneurship in the region, which takes into consideration challenges and opportunities on the level of the individual entrepreneurs, as well as on the macro environmental level. We finally discuss constructive solutions in order to increase the number of women business founders.

Empowerment Against All Odds

2017 ◽  
pp. 1975-1987
Author(s):  
Bettina Lynda Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Environmental Level

The number of women-owned businesses worldwide has increased significantly, a development that extends to other parts of the world, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This region's cultural and socioeconomic idiosyncrasies offer unique perspectives on women entrepreneurship. This article provides a critical overview over the situation of female entrepreneurship in the region, which takes into consideration challenges and opportunities on the level of the individual entrepreneurs, as well as on the macro environmental level. We finally discuss constructive solutions in order to increase the number of women business founders.

scholarly journals Premature Myocardial Infarction in the Middle East and North Africa: Rationale for the Gulf PREVENT Study

Angiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Sagar B. Dugani ◽  
Waheed Murad ◽  
Karisamae Damilig ◽  
Jean Atos ◽  
Eshraga Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
North Africa ◽  
High Income ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has a high burden of morbidity and mortality due to premature (≤55 years in men; ≤65 years in women) myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Despite this, the prevalence of risk factors in patients presenting with premature MI or ACS is incompletely described. We compared lifestyle, clinical risk factors, and biomarkers associated with premature MI/ACS in the MENA region with selected non-MENA high-income countries. We identified English-language, peer-reviewed publications through PubMed (up to March 2018). We used the World Bank classification system to categorize countries. Patients with premature MI/ACS in the MENA region had a higher prevalence of smoking than older patients with MI/ACS but a lower prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Men with premature MI/ACS had a higher prevalence of smoking than women but a lower prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. The MENA region had sparse data on lifestyle, diet, psychological stress, and physical activity. To address these knowledge gaps, we initiated the ongoing Gulf Population Risks and Epidemiology of Vascular Events and Treatment (Gulf PREVENT) case–control study to improve primary and secondary prevention of premature MI in the United Arab Emirates, a high-income country in the MENA region.

Features, genetics and their correlation in Jalili syndrome: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Daneshmandpour ◽  
Hossein Darvish ◽  
Fariba Pashazadeh ◽  
Babak Emamalizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Phenotype Correlation ◽  
The World

Jalili syndrome is a rare genetic disorder first identified by Jalili in Gaza. Amelogenesis imperfecta and cone-rode dystrophy are simultaneously seen in Jalili syndrome patients as the main and primary manifestations. Molecular analysis has revealed that theCNNM4gene is responsible for this rare syndrome. Jalili syndrome has been observed in many countries around the world, especially in the Middle East and North Africa. In the current scoping systematic review we searched electronic databases to find studies related to Jalili syndrome. In this review we summarise the reported clinical symptoms,CNNM4gene and protein structure,CNNM4mutations, attempts to reach a genotype-phenotype correlation, the functional role ofCNNM4mutations, and epidemiological aspects of Jalili syndrome. In addition, we have analysed the reported mutations in mutation effect prediction databases in order to gain a better understanding of the mutation’s outcomes.

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