Mechanisms of prevention postoperative immunosuppression by regional anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Zabrodin ◽  
Viktor I. Strashnov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Postoperative Epidural Analgesia

The data on the factors of development of postoperative immunosuppression (PI) are presented. Among them, an important role in the development of PI belongs to hyperactivity during operations of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. It has been shown that PI is prevented by regional anesthesia, primarily epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural analgesia, as well as prolonged ganglioplegia. It is concluded that the preventive action of regional anesthesia in relation to the development of PI is largely associated with the sympatholytic component of action.

scholarly journals Neurodystrophic component of pathogenesis of the acute postoperative pancreatitis and its prevention by epidural anesthesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Zabrodin ◽  
Viktor I. Strashnov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Exocrine Secretion ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Postoperative Pancreatitis ◽  
Tissue Resistance ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The data on the etiology and pathogenesis of acute postoperative pancreatitis (APP) are analyzed. It is noted that in its pathogenesis, currently, the main attention is paid to the factors of aggression in the pancreas: the activation of proteolytic enzymes and autocatalytic reactions leading to damage of the acinous cells, microcirculation disturbance, and enhancement of free radical oxidation. This determines the prevention and treatment of acute postoperative pancreatitis with the use the inhibition of protease and exocrine secretion of pancreas, antioxidants and cytostatics. Biochemical mechanisms of resistance of the pancreas tissue to damage are given much less attention. The authors substantiate the proposition that organ tissue resistance, besides adequate microcirculation and oxygenation, is determined by the mechanisms of nerve tropism mediated through the sympathetic nervous system. Experimental and clinical data are presented that irritation of the reflexogenic pyloroduodenal zone, in particular during operations in conditions of inadequate anesthesia, leads to hyper activation of the sympathetic nervous system, increased release of the noradrenaline, subsequent depletion of its content in the pancreas tissues. Therefore adrenergic support of trophic (energy and plastic processes) in the pancreas is disrupted, contributing to the development of postoperative complications, including acute postoperative pancreatitis. Taking into account that epidural anesthesia performs afferent and efferent, including sympathetic, blockades; the substantiations are given for use epidural anesthesia for acute postoperative pancreatitis prevention in abdominal operations in combination with the components of general anesthesia.

scholarly journals Dysfunctional Neurotransmitter Systems in Fibromyalgia, Their Role in Central Stress Circuitry and Pharmacological Actions on These Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Becker ◽  
Petra Schweinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Systems Change ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Cumulative Evidence ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Fibromyalgia is considered a stress-related disorder, and hypo- as well as hyperactive stress systems (sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) have been found. Some observations raise doubts on the view that alterations in these stress systems are solely responsible for fibromyalgia symptoms. Cumulative evidence points at dysfunctional transmitter systems that may underlie the major symptoms of the condition. In addition, all transmitter systems found to be altered in fibromyalgia influence the body's stress systems. Since both transmitter and stress systems change during chronic stress, it is conceivable that both systems change in parallel, interact, and contribute to the phenotype of fibromyalgia. As we outline in this paper, subgroups of patients might exhibit varying degrees and types of transmitter dysfunction, explaining differences in symptomatoloy and contributing to the heterogeneity of fibromyalgia. The finding that not all fibromyalgia patients respond to the same medications, targeting dysfunctional transmitter systems, further supports this hypothesis.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system activities in Pima Indians and Caucasians

Metabolism ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Antonio Tataranni ◽  
Giovanni Cizza ◽  
Soren Snitker ◽  
Frank Gucciardo ◽  
Angela Lotsikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis
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