scholarly journals Soil-structure interaction during the San Fernando earthquake

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-36
Author(s):  
Charles B. Crouse ◽  
Paul C. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
California Institute Of Technology ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Institute Of Technology

abstract Accelerograms obtained at two sites during the San Fernando earthquake of 1971 were analyzed to investigate the role of soil-structure interaction, using techniques developed by Bielak and others. Analysis of the data from the site of the Hollywood Storage Building, for which data from the Arvin-Tehachapi earthquake of 1952 are also available, showed evidence of soil-structure interaction in the way the transfer functions between parking lot and basement motion decayed with increasing frequency in the two lateral directions. It is concluded also that interaction probably had a small effect on the response near the EW fundamental frequency during the San Fernando earthquake. Although theoretical and experimentally determined transfer functions are broadly similar, they do not agree in detail. The lack of good agreement for reasonable choices of the parameters of the theoretical model indicates a need for some modifications of the theory or its application, and a need for more measurements at the site. A similar analysis showed no clear evidence of soil-structure interaction for the Millikan Library and Athanaeum buildings on the campus of the California Institute of Technology. If soil-structure interaction caused the major differences measured in the base motions of these two buildings, it is of a more complex form than that considered by present theories.

Soil-structure interaction at CDMG and USGS accelerograph stations

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
C. B. Crouse ◽  
Behnam Hushmand
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Vibration Tests ◽  
40 Hz

Abstract Forced harmonic and impulse-response vibration tests were conducted at several California accelerograph stations operated by the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to determine the extent to which soil-structure interaction may be affecting the recorded ground motions. The results of the tests on the foundations comprising USGS Station 6 in the Imperial Valley and CDMG Cholame 1E and Fault Zone 3 stations in the Cholame Valley indicated the presence of highly damped fundamental frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz. However, at the much larger Differential Array station, a masonry-block structure approximately 6 km southwest of Station 6, a moderately damped fundamental frequency of 12 Hz was observed. Approximate transfer functions between earthquake motions recorded at the stations and the free-field motions were computed from the response data obtained from the forced harmonic vibration tests. For the three smaller stations, these functions showed peak amplification factors ranging from 1.25 to 1.4 at frequencies between 20 and 40 Hz. The amplification at smaller frequencies was insignificant. For the Differential Array station, the amplification factor was 1.5 at 12 Hz and was roughly 0.6 for frequencies between 14 and 25 Hz. These results suggest that soil-structure interaction will have little effect on ground motions recorded at the smaller stations provided that most of the energy in these motions is confined to frequencies less than approximately 20 Hz. However, at the Differential Array station, soil-structure interaction probably has had, and will continue to have, a significant influence on the motions recorded at this station.

Seismic Assessment of a 14th-Century Stone Arch Bridge: Role of Soil–Structure Interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 05019008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Zani ◽  
Paolo Martinelli ◽  
Andrea Galli ◽  
Carmelo Gentile ◽  
Marco di Prisco
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Seismic Assessment ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Arch Bridge ◽  
Structure Interaction

scholarly journals Role of nanophotonics in the birth of seismic megastructures

Nanophotonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1591-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Brûlé ◽  
Stefan Enoch ◽  
Sébastien Guenneau
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Invisible Cloak ◽  
Structured Soils ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Coordinate Transforms

AbstractThe discovery of photonic crystals 30 years ago in conjunction with research advances in plasmonics and metamaterials, has inspired the concept of decameter scale metasurfaces, coined seismic metamaterials for an enhanced control of surface (Love and Rayleigh) and bulk (shear and pressure) elastodynamic waves. These powerful mathematical tools of coordinate transforms, effective medium and Floquet-Bloch theories which have revolutionized nanophotonics, can be translated in the language of civil engineering and geophysics. Experiments on seismic metamaterials made of buried elements in the soil demonstrate that the fore mentioned tools make a possible novel description of complex phenomena of soil-structure interaction during a seismic disturbance. But the concepts are already moving to more futuristic concepts and the same notions developed for structured soils are now used to examine the effects of buildings viewed as above surface resonators in megastructures such as metacities. But this perspective of future should not make us forget the heritage of the ancient peoples. Indeed, we finally point out the striking similarity between an invisible cloak design and the architecture of some ancient megastructures as the antique Gallo-Roman theaters and amphitheatres.

scholarly journals Vibration and soil-structure interaction tests of a nine-story reinforced concrete building

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-916
Author(s):  
Paul C. Jennings ◽  
Julio H. Kuroiwa
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Torsional Mode ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
California Institute Of Technology

abstract The Millikan Library Building, a nine-story reinforced concrete shear-wall structure at the California Institute of Technology, was tested dynamically by means of two eccentric mass vibration generators located on the ninth floor. The response levels ranged up to a maximum acceleration of 0:02 g. The natural periods of vibration, the mode shapes and the energy dissipation were measured for the first and second E-W translational modes, the N-S fundamental mode and the first torsional mode. Soil-structure interaction was investigated by measuring foundation motion and nearby soil surface movements during resonent vibrations in the N-S and E-W fundamental modes. Other tests included “man-excited” vibrations at low stress levels and a measurement of resonance of an air handling unit on the roof, which was found to magnify the roof response by a factor of 8.5. The measured fundamental periods were short compared to typical framed structures of this height, 0.50 sec in the N-S direction, 0.66 in the E-W direction and 0.46 in torsion. These values increased roughly 3 per cent over the range of testing. The energy dissipation as measured by a viscous damping factor, varied between 0.70 and 2.00 per cent of critical. This large variation over the testing range indicates that tests at higher stresses are needed to determine the energy dissipation expected during the response to strong earthquake motions. The soil-structure interaction measurements showed that the building responded very nearly as if fixed at the foundation; rocking contributed less than 1 per cent to the total roof motions of the structure and foundation translation about 2 per cent. Although negligible as far as the building motion is concerned, the results demonstrate the possibility of performing full-scale soil-structure interaction experiments.

Role of Soil-Structure Interaction in Base-Isolated Structures Founded on Soil Stratum Overlying Half Space

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tsai ◽  
H. C. Su
Keyword(s):  
Half Space ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Higher Modes ◽  
Soil Stratum ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Isolated Structures

This paper attempts to assess the role of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and higher modes in base-isolated structures founded on a soil layer overlying a half space. Closed form solutions for a system that includes a superstructure, seismic isolator and soil stratum overlying a half space have been obtained. The derived formulations considering the effects of SSI and higher modes in terms of well-known frequency and impedance ratios can explicitly interpret the dynamic behavior of a base isolated structure founded on soil stratum overlying a half space. Furthermore, the SSI effects on dynamic responses of isolated structures founded on soil stratum overlying a half space were extensively investigated. The conclusions drawn by this study provide considerable information for comprehending the SSI and higher mode effects on the dynamic responses of isolated-structures especially for those founded on soil stratum overlying a half space.

scholarly journals Soil–Structure Interaction Assessment of the 23 November 1980 Irpinia-Basilicata Earthquake

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mina ◽  
Davide Forcellini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Response Site

This paper aimed to present a systematic study of the effects caused by the strong earthquake that struck southern Italy on 23 November 1980 (Ms = 6.9) and affected the Campania and Basilicata regions. Two aspects are discussed here: The broadening of the knowledge of the response site effects by considering several soil free-field conditions and the assessment of the role of the soil–structure interaction (SSI) on a representative benchmark structure. This research study, based on the state-of-the-art knowledge, may be applied to assess future seismic events and to propose new original code provisions. The numerical simulations were herein performed with the advanced platform OpenSees, which can consider non-linear models for both the structure and the soil. The results show the importance of considering the SSI in the seismic assessment of soil amplifications and its consequences on the structural performance.

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