Morphological Identification, Species Composition and Distribution of Mosquitoes in Kosti region, White Nile State, Central Sudan

Mosquitoes are a large diverse group of insects, with members being most important as vectors of diseases. The correct identification of mosquitoes is crucial to the control of the mosquito-borne diseases. This study was designed to provide baseline data on the species composition and distribution of members of the Anophelines and Culicines genera in ten selected localities in Kosti region, White Nile State, Central Sudan. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to select collection sites. Adult mosquitoes were collected by pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) from randomly selected houses in Allia, Alnsr, Alskahdeed, Almrabie, Alshati, Althwrat, Alraba, Block 26, Block 32 and Khadugli in Kosti region during September 2014-August 2015. The Anophelines and Culicines mosquitoes were identified using standard morphological keys. Two Anopheles species and three Culex species were morphologically identified. These were An. gambiae s.s.; An. pharoensis; Cx. quinquefasciatus; Cx. univittatus and Cx. pipiens. This is the first report of An. pharoensis in the study area. The Highest mosquito abundance was observed in the September followed by October, while the lowest mosquito abundance was in July. An. gambiae s.s and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the predominant species which has importance as they indicate the presence of Malaria and arboviral infections in the study areas; respectively. These findings are of importance in the planning and implementation of vector control strategy in the Kosti region, White Nile state.

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Anopheles species composition and some climatic factors that influence their survival and population abundance in Anambra East LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.4314/njpar.v41i2.17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

Author(s):

C.M Egbuche ◽

A.E Onyido ◽

P.U Umeanaeto ◽

E.N Nwankwo ◽

I.F Omah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Human Landing Catch ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Anambra State ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes

Malaria parasites are transmitted in nature through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. However, the vector distribution varies in time and space. This study aimed to determine the species composition, abundance and climatic factors influencing Anopheles mosquitoes in Anambra East Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria from October 2016 to September 2017. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from indoor and outdoor locations using Pyrethrum Knockdown Collection (PKC) and Human Landing Catch (HLC) Methods respectively. Anopheles mosquito larvae were collected using dipping method. Morphological identification of Anopheles species was carried out using standard identification keys. Climatic data was obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency Office in Anambra State. A total of 8181 female Anopheles mosquitoes which comprised 4127 (50.4%) larvae and 4054 (49.6%) adults were collected (P > 0.05) in the study. Four Anopheles species: An. gambiae s. l (70.1%), An. funestus group (18.2%), An. moucheti (6.3%) and An. nili (5.4%) were identified (P < 0.05). In the study area, 2608 (31.9%), 3025 (37.0%) and 2548 (31.1%) Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from Aguleri, Igbariam and Nsugbe respectively; with 100% species overlap. In each selected selected town, the Simpson’s index of diversity was ~2 and Shannon-wiener diversity was ~1. Only An. gambiaes l showed varied seasonal abundance with wet season contributing 67.9% and dry season 32.1% of the overall An. gambiaes. l collection (P < 0.05). The correlation between rainfall and An. gambiae s. l. abundance was significantly strong (r = 0.66; P < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between Anopheles species abundance and temperature as well as relative humidity. The study revealed the preponderance of four Anopheles species: An. gambiae s. l., An. funestus, An. moucheti and An. nili; and rainfall is the only climatic factor that causes temporal change in the abundance of one of the species, An. gambiaes. l. in the study area. Keywords: Anopheles mosquitoes, abundance, temperature, rainfall, relative humidity

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Impact of sugarcane irrigation on malaria vector Anopheles mosquito fauna, abundance and seasonality in Arjo-Didessa, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37850/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Assalif Demissew Shifera ◽

Dawit Hawaria ◽

Solomon Kibret ◽

Abebe Animut ◽

Arega Tsegaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Anopheline Mosquito ◽

Chi Square ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Mosquito Abundance ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Although irrigation activities are increasing in Ethiopia, limited studies evaluated their impact on malaria vector mosquito composition, abundance and seasonality. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of sugarcane irrigation on species composition, abundance and seasonality of malaria vectors. Methods : Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps from three irrigated and three non-irrigated clusters in and around Arjo-Didessa sugarcane irrigation scheme in southwestern Ethiopia. Mosquito collections were conducted in four seasons: two wet and two dry, in 2018 and 2019. Mosquito species composition, abundance and seasonality were compared between irrigated and non-irrigated clusters. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified to species using morphological keys and An. gambiae s.l to sibling species using PCR. Chi-square was used to analyze the association between Anopheles species occurrence and environmental and seasonal parameters. Results: Overall, 2,108 female Anopheles mosquitoes comprising of six species were collected. Of these, 92.7% (n=1954) were from irrigated clusters and 7.3% (n=154) from the non-irrigated. An. gambiae s.l was the most abundant (67.3%) followed by An. coustani complex (25.3 %) and An. pharoensis (5.7%). PCR based identification revealed that 74.7% (n=168) of the An. gambiae s.l were An. arabiensis and 22.7% (n=51) An. amharicus . Density of An. gambiae s.l. (both indoor and outdoor) was higher in irrigated than non-irrigated clusters. The overall anopheline mosquito abundance during the wet seasons (87.2%; n=1837) was higher than the dry seasons (12.8%; n=271). Conclusion : The ongoing sugarcane irrigation activities in Arjo-Didessa created conditions suitable for increased malaria transmitting Anopheles species diversity and abundance. This in turn could drive malaria transmission in Arjo-Didessa and its environs in both dry and wet seasons. Thus, currently practiced malaria vector interventions need to be strengthened and consider larval source management to reduce vector abundance in the irrigated areas. Key Words: Malaria, Irrigation, Anopheles mosquitoes, vector density, An. amharicus , Ethiopia

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Species composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in White Nile state, Central Sudan

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science ◽

10.1080/03650340.2013.793453 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 377-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tilal S. Abdelhalim ◽

Maria R. Finckh ◽

Abdel Gabar Babiker ◽

Fritz Oehl

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Species Composition ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Central Sudan ◽

White Nile

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Impact of sugarcane irrigation on malaria vector Anopheles mosquito fauna, abundance and seasonality in Arjo-Didessa, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37850/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Assalif Demissew Shifera ◽

Dawit Hawaria ◽

Solomon Kibret ◽

Abebe Animut ◽

Arega Tsegaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Anopheline Mosquito ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Gambiae Complex ◽

Mosquito Abundance ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

The Impact

Abstract BackgroundDespite extensive irrigation development in Ethiopia, limited studies assessed the impact of irrigation on malaria vector mosquito composition, abundance and seasonality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sugarcane irrigation on species composition, abundance and seasonality of malaria vectors.MethodsAdult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps from three irrigated and three non-irrigated clusters in and around Arjo-Didessa sugarcane irrigation scheme in southwestern Ethiopia. Mosquitoes were surveyed in four seasons: two wet and two dry, in 2018 and 2019. Mosquito species composition, abundance and seasonality were compared between irrigated and non-irrigated clusters. Anopheles mosquitoes were sorted out to species using morphological keys and molecular techniques. Chi-square was used to test the relationships between Anopheles species occurrence, and environmental and seasonal parameters.ResultsOverall, 2,108 female Anopheles mosquitoes comprising of six species were collected. Of these, 92.7% (n=1,954) were from irrigated clusters and 7.3% (n=154) from the non-irrigated. The Anopheles gambiae complex was the most abundant (67.3%) followed by Anopheles coustani complex (25.3 %) and Anopheles pharoensis (5.7%). PCR-based identification revealed that 74.7% (n=168) of the An. gambiae comlex were Anopheles arabiensis and 22.7% (n=51) Anopheles amharicus. The density of An. gambiae complex (both indoor and outdoor) was higher in irrigated than non-irrigated clusters. The overall anopheline mosquito abundance during the wet seasons (87.2%; n=1,837) was higher than the dry seasons (12.8%; n=271).ConclusionThe ongoing sugarcane irrigation activities in Arjo-Didessa created conditions suitable for malaria transmitting Anopheles species diversity and abundance. This could drive malaria transmission in Arjo-Didessa and its environs in both dry and wet seasons. Currently practiced malaria vector interventions need to be strengthened by including larval source management to reduce vector abundance in the irrigated areas.

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Impact of Sugarcane Irrigation on Malaria Vector Anopheles Mosquito Fauna, Abundance and Seasonality in Arjo-Didessa, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37850/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Assalif Demissew Shifera ◽

Dawit Hawaria ◽

Solomon Kibret ◽

Abebe Animut ◽

Arega Tsegaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Anopheline Mosquito ◽

Chi Square ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Mosquito Abundance ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Although irrigation activities are increasing in Ethiopia, limited studies evaluated their impact on malaria vector mosquito composition, abundance and seasonality. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of sugarcane irrigation on species composition, abundance and seasonality of malaria vectors. Methods: Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps from three irrigated and three non-irrigated clusters in and around Arjo-Didessa sugarcane irrigation scheme in southwestern Ethiopia. Mosquito collections were conducted in four seasons: two wet and two dry, in 2018 and 2019. Mosquito species composition, abundance and seasonality were compared between irrigated and non-irrigated clusters. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified to species using morphological keys and An. gambiae s.l to sibling species using PCR. Chi-square was used to analyze the association between Anopheles species occurrence and environmental and seasonal parameters. Results: Overall, 2,108 female Anopheles mosquitoes comprising of six species were collected. Of these, 92.7% (n=1954) were from irrigated clusters and 7.3% (n=154) from the non-irrigated. An. gambiae s.l was the most abundant (67.3%) followed by An. coustani complex (25.3 %) and An. pharoensis (5.7%). PCR based identification revealed that 74.7% (n=168) of the An. gambiae s.l were An. arabiensis and 22.7% (n=51) An. amharicus. Density of An. gambiae s.l. (both indoor and outdoor) was higher in irrigated than non-irrigated clusters. The overall anopheline mosquito abundance during the wet seasons (87.2%; n=1837) was higher than the dry seasons (12.8%; n=271). Conclusion: The ongoing sugarcane irrigation activities in Arjo-Didessa created conditions suitable for increased malaria transmitting Anopheles species diversity and abundance. This in turn could drive malaria transmission in Arjo-Didessa and its environs in both dry and wet seasons. Thus, currently practiced malaria vector interventions need to be strengthened and consider larval source management to reduce vector abundance in the irrigated areas.

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Species composition and distribution of marine macro algae at Co To and Thanh Lan archipelago

Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển ◽

10.15625/1859-3097/20/3/15247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 267-276

Author(s):

Dam Duc Tien ◽

Nguyen Thi Mai Anh ◽

Linh Manh Nguyen ◽

Pham Thu Hue ◽

Lawrence Liao

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Littoral Zone ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Similarity Coefficient ◽

Algal Flora ◽

Average Value ◽

Site Number ◽

Species Composition And Distribution ◽

Total Species ◽

Macro Algae

This paper exhibites species composition and distribution of marine seaweed at 10 sites of Co To and Thanh Lan islands in May 2019. The studies record 76 species of marine algae in the area, belonging to four divisions: Cyanophytes, Rhodophytes, Ochrophytes and Chlorophytes. Among them, five species are classified into Cyanophytes (comprising 6.6% of total species); thirty-four species into Rhodophytes (44.7%); twenty-one species into Ochrophytes/Phaeophytes (27.6%) and sixteen species into Chlorophytes (21.1%). The species composition of marine seaweeds in Co To and Thanh Lan shows significant differences as follows: 22 species (sites number 4 and 10) to 58 species (site number 2) and the average value is 38.7 species per site. Sørensen similarity coefficient fluctuates from 0.33 (sites number 5 and 10) to 0.84 (sites number 1 and 3) and the average value is 0.53. The current investigations show that four species of twenty-one species are collected in the littoral zone and forty-two species in the sub-littoral zone (in which there are thirteen species distributed in both littoral zone and sub-littoral zone). The algal flora in Co To and Thanh Lan is characterized by subtropics.

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