scholarly journals Conotoxins: from the biodiversity of gastropods to new drugs

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Fedosov ◽  
S.A. Moshkovskii ◽  
K.G. Kuznetsova ◽  
B.M. Olivera
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Applied Aspect ◽  
Peptide Toxins ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Research Drug ◽  
Structure Diversity

A review describes general trends in research of conotoxins that are peptide toxins isolated from sea gastropods of the Conus genus, since the toxins were discovered in 1970 . There are disclosed a conotoxin classification, their structure diversity and different ways of action to their molecular targets, mainly, ion channels. In the applied aspect of conotoxin research, drug discovery and development is discussed, the drugs being based on conotoxin structure. A first exemplary drug is a ziconotide, which is an analgesic of new generation.

scholarly journals WIPO Re:Search: Catalyzing Public-Private Partnerships to Accelerate Tropical Disease Drug Discovery and Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathyryne Manner ◽  
Katy Graef ◽  
Jennifer Dent
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Partnership Model

Tropical diseases, including malaria and a group of infections termed neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), pose enormous threats to human health and wellbeing globally. In concert with efforts to broaden access to current treatments, it is also critical to expand research and development (R&D) of new drugs that address therapeutic gaps and concerns associated with existing medications, including emergence of resistance. Limited commercial incentives, particularly compared to products for diseases prevalent in high-income countries, have hindered many pharmaceutical companies from contributing their immense product development know-how and resources to tropical disease R&D. In this article we present WIPO Re:Search, an international initiative co-led by BIO Ventures for Global Health (BVGH) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), as an innovative and impactful public-private partnership model that promotes cross-sector intellectual property sharing and R&D to accelerate tropical disease drug discovery and development. Importantly, WIPO Re:Search also drives progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through case studies, we illustrate how WIPO Re:Search empowers high-quality tropical disease drug discovery researchers from academic/non-profit organizations and small companies (including scientists in low- and middle-income countries) to leapfrog their R&D programs by accessing pharmaceutical industry resources that may not otherwise be available to them.

Recent Advances in System Based Study for Anti-Malarial Drug Development Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 3367-3377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh S. Yadav ◽  
Navaneet Chaturvedi ◽  
Ninoslav Marina
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
New Generation Sequencing ◽  
New Generation

Background: Presently, malaria is one of the most prevalent and deadly infectious disease across Africa, Asia, and America that has now started to spread in Europe. Despite large research being carried out in the field, still, there is a lack of efficient anti-malarial therapeutics. In this paper, we highlight the increasing efforts that are urgently needed towards the development and discovery of potential antimalarial drugs, which must be safe and affordable. The new drugs thus mentioned are also able to counter the spread of malaria parasites that have been resistant to the existing agents. Objective: The main objective of the review is to highlight the recent development in the use of system biologybased approaches towards the design and discovery of novel anti-malarial inhibitors. Method: A huge literature survey was performed to gain advance knowledge about the global persistence of malaria, its available treatment and shortcomings of the available inhibitors. Literature search and depth analysis were also done to gain insight into the use of system biology in drug discovery and how this approach could be utilized towards the development of the novel anti-malarial drug. Results: The system-based analysis has made easy to understand large scale sequencing data, find candidate genes expression during malaria disease progression further design of drug molecules those are complementary of the target proteins in term of shape and configuration. Conclusion: The review article focused on the recent computational advances in new generation sequencing, molecular modeling, and docking related to malaria disease and utilization of the modern system and network biology approach to antimalarial potential drug discovery and development.

scholarly journals Drug discovery and development: Biomarkers of neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (13) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail L Walker ◽  
Syed Z Imam ◽  
Ruth A Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Small Molecule Drug

The discovery and development of new drugs are vital if we are to improve and expand treatment options available to improve outcomes for patients. Overall, therapeutic strategies fall into two broad categories: small molecules and biologics, although more recently there has been a growth in novel platforms such as miRNAs and oligonucleotides. On average, the development of a small molecule drug takes around 12 years and costs around $50m. Despite this huge investment of time and money, attrition remains a major challenge and very few molecules actually make it through to the market. Here, we look at reasons for attrition in the small molecule field with a focus on neurotoxicology and efforts being made to improve success via the development of imaging and fluidic biomarkers. We also look at learnings from other models of CNS damage and degeneration such as Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis since these may offer the opportunity to improve tools available to nonclinical toxicologists in the early detection of potential neurotoxicity. Reciprocally, learnings from studies of animal neurotoxicity may offer better ways to potentially monitor patients during clinical development of new drugs for neurodegeneration. Impact statement Attrition in drug discovery and development remains a major challenge. Safety/toxicity is the most prevalent reason for failure with cardiovascular and CNS toxicities predominating. Non-invasive biomarkers of neurotoxicity would provide significant advantage by allowing earlier prediction of likely neurotoxicity in preclinical studies as well as facilitating clinical trials of new therapies for neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

In silico approaches for screening molecular targets in Candida albicans: A proteomic insight into drug discovery and development

2019 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Romário Silva ◽  
Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi ◽  
Irlan Almeida Freires ◽  
Andréa Cristina Barbosa Silva ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Zebrafish as a model system for biomedical studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Belyaeva ◽  
V.N. Kashirtseva ◽  
N.V. Medvedeva ◽  
Yu.Yu. Khudoklinova ◽  
O.M. Ipatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Phospholipid Nanoparticles

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are now firmly established as a powerful research model for many areas of biology and medicine. Here, we review some achievements of zebrafish - based assays for modeling human diseases and for drug discovery and development. For drug discovery, zebrafish are especially valuable in the earlier stages of research as they provide a model organism to demonstrate a new treatment's efficacy and toxicity before more costly mammalian models are used. This review provides examples of compounds known to be toxic to humans that have been demonstrated to functional similarly in zebrafish. Major advantages of zebrafish embryons are that they are readily permeable to small molecules added to their incubation medium and the transparent chorion enables the easy observation of development. Assay of acute toxicity (LC50 estimation) in embryos can also include the screening for developmental disorders as an indicator of teratogenic effects. We used zebrafish for toxicity testing of new drugs on the base of phospholipid nanoparticles. The organization of the genome and the pathways controlling signal transduction appear to be highly conserved between zebrafish and humans that allow using zebrafish for modeling of human diseases some examples of which are illustrated in this paper.

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