scholarly journals The Forerunners of Libertarian Pedagogy (18. and 19. Centuries): A Gallery of Forgotten Portraits of Women

Polylogos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (№ 4 (18)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Maria Rakhmaninova

The article deals with the historical and philosophical foundations of libertarian pedagogy as a project of non-hierarchical organization of educational, cognitive and learning processes. It focuses on pedagogical concepts that have had a decisive influence on the modern face of libertarian pedagogy, but are poorly represented in the mainstream pedagogical discourse and are not known in Russia at all. Since women are an absolute majority among the authors who have been displaced from the official pedagogical discourse, the article aims to identify their forgotten figures and to redefine the significance of their contribution both to a particular pedagogical tradition and to pedagogy as a whole. In the light of this fact we make an attempt of primary reception in Russian-speaking academic space of philosophical-pedagogical ideas of Enlighteners of 18th- 19th centuries that influenced modern libertarian-pedagogical discourse. This revision attempts to identify, compare, and evaluate from a modern perspective the main trends of their quests. The study is based both on the texts of key primary sources and a number of monographs and articles on the philosophy and history of education.

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Fonseca Oliveira ◽  
Ilma Vieira do Nascimento

Este estudo tem por objetivo perspectivar a genealogia pensada por Michel Foucault como uma ferramenta importante para pensar a história no universo da educação. A genealogia permite pensar a história de outra forma, partindo de uma acentuada crítica à metafísica que, por vezes, nutre muitas das matrizes de pesquisas no âmbito da história da educação. Esses modelos metafísicos concentram-se em uma incessante busca de um fundamento último e primeiro, bem como a busca pela essência das coisas. Dessa feita, o “método” genealógico questiona a si mesmo, como uma espécie de contra História, que aponta e faz circular o até então impensado na história oficial, e, nesse caso, da história oficial sobre a educação. Ressalta-se que a proposta da genealogia não visa interpretar o passado, e sim descrever e estabelecer uma rede de relações significativas que permitam aos enunciados expressar seu sentido e principalmente as mediações que estes produzem, possibilitando assim, que a descrição se torne explicativa.Observa-se quea genealogia vertida à história da educação permite um olhar distinto sobre rituais em sala de aula, documentos e registros escolares, práticas avaliativas, discursos pedagógicos, currículo dentre muitos outros, que este estudo tem como pretensão problematizar e elencar os caminhos de uma genealogia na educação, tendo como principal referencial a construção teórica de Michel Foucault. USES AND NON-USES OF GENEALOGY IN RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAbstract:  this article aims, perspective genealogy thought by Michel Foucault as an important tool to think about the history in the world of education. The genealogy, history would suggest otherwise, from a sharp critique of metaphysics that sometimes nurture many of the headquarters of research within the history of education. These metaphysical models focus on a constant search for a last and first plea, and the search for the essence of things. This time, the "method" genealogical questions himself as a kind of counter history, pointing and circulates the hitherto unthought in the official story, and in this case, the official story about education. It is emphasized that the proposal of the genealogy is not intended to interpret the past, but to describe and establish a network of meaningful relationships that allow statements expressing its meaning and especially the mediations they produce, thus enabling the description becomes explanatory. It is observed that the genealogy poured the history of education, allows a different look on rituals in the classroom, documents and school records, assessment practices, pedagogical discourse, curriculum among many others, this article intends to discuss and rank the ways of a genealogy in education, having as main reference the theoretical construction of Michel Foucault.Keywords: Education. Genealogy. History. USOS Y DESUSOS DE LA GENEALOGÍA EN LAS INVESTIGACIONES EN EDUCACIÓNResumen: Este estudio tiene por objetivo perspectivar la genealogía pensada por Michel Foucault como una herramienta importante para pensar la historia en el universo de la educación. La genealogía permite pensar la historia de otra forma, partiendo de una acentuada crítica a la metafísica que a veces nutren muchas de las matrices de investigaciones en el ámbito de la historia de la educación. Estos modelos metafísicos se concentran en una incesante búsqueda de un fundamento último y primero, así como la búsqueda de la esencia de las cosas. De esta forma, el "método" genealógico se cuestiona a sí mismo, como una especie de contra Historia, que apunta y hace circular el hasta entonces impensado en la historia oficial, y en ese caso de la historia oficial sobre la educación. Se resalta que la propuesta de la genealogía no pretende interpretar el pasado, sino describir y establecer una red de relaciones significativas que permitan a los enunciados expresar su sentido y principalmente las mediaciones que éstos producen, posibilitando así que la descripción se haga hace explicativa. Se observa que la genealogía vertida a la historia de la educación permite una mirada distinta sobre rituales en el aula, documentos y registros escolares, prácticas evaluativas, discursos pedagógicos, currículo entre muchos otros, que este estudio tiene como pretensión problematizar y enumerar los caminos de una genealogía en la educación, teniendo como principal referencial la construcción teórica de Michel Foucault.Palabras clave: Educación. Genealogía. Historia.


1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. N. Painter

Author(s):  
Jed Z. Buchwald ◽  
Mordechai Feingold

Isaac Newton’s Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, published in 1728, one year after the great man’s death, unleashed a storm of controversy. And for good reason. The book presents a drastically revised timeline for ancient civilizations, contracting Greek history by five hundred years and Egypt’s by a millennium. This book tells the story of how one of the most celebrated figures in the history of mathematics, optics, and mechanics came to apply his unique ways of thinking to problems of history, theology, and mythology, and of how his radical ideas produced an uproar that reverberated in Europe’s learned circles throughout the eighteenth century and beyond. The book reveals the manner in which Newton strove for nearly half a century to rectify universal history by reading ancient texts through the lens of astronomy, and to create a tight theoretical system for interpreting the evolution of civilization on the basis of population dynamics. It was during Newton’s earliest years at Cambridge that he developed the core of his singular method for generating and working with trustworthy knowledge, which he applied to his study of the past with the same rigor he brought to his work in physics and mathematics. Drawing extensively on Newton’s unpublished papers and a host of other primary sources, the book reconciles Isaac Newton the rational scientist with Newton the natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian, and chronologist of ancient history.


Author(s):  
Begüm Tuğlu

Feminist authors have long been trying to alter the patriarchal structure of the Western society through different aspects. One of these aspects, if not the strongest, is the struggle to overcome centuries long dominance of male authors who have created a masculine history, culture and literature. As recent works of women authors reveal, the strongest possibility of actually achieving an equalitarian society lies beneath the chance of rewriting the history of Western literature. Since the history of Western literature relies on dichotomies that are reminiscences of modernity, the solution to overcome the inequality between the two sexes seems to be to rewrite the primary sources that have influenced the cultural heritage of literature itself. The most dominant dichotomies that shape this literary heritage are represented through the bonds between the concepts of women/man and nature/culture. As one of the most influential epics that depict these dichotomies, Homer's Odysseus reveals how poetry strengthens the authority of the male voice. In order to define the ideal "man", Homer uses a wide scope of animal imagery while forming the identities of male characters. Margaret Atwood, on the other hand, is not contended with Homer's poem in that it never narrates the story from the side of women. As a revisionist mythmaker, Atwood takes the famous story of Odysseus, yet this time presents it from the perspective of Penelope, simultaneously playing on the animal imagery. Within this frame, I intend to explore in this paper how the animal imagery in Homer's most renowned Odysseus functions as a reinforcing tool in the creation of masculine identities and how Margaret Atwood's The Penelopiad defies this formation of identities with the aim of narrating the story from the unheard side, that of the women who are eminently present yet never heard.


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