scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA ALTERABILIDADE DAS ROCHAS DA FACHADA LATERAL DIREITA DO MOSTEIRO DE SÃO BENTO

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Carlos da Conceição Ribeiro ◽  
Jessica Silva Castro ◽  
Joedy Patrícia Cruz Queiroz ◽  
Luanna C. Moura
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Stone Conservation ◽  
Physical Weathering ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
High Sulfur Concentration ◽  
The Right

ResumoO Centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro revela importantes monumentos históricos construídos durante o período colonial em rochas ornamentais, principalmente utilizando blocos de gnaisse facoidal e de leptinito, que são rochas metamórficas características do Estado. Um exemplo desse tipo de construção é o Mosteiro de São Bento, cujas fachadas são compostas por estas rochas, que se encontram em processos de degradação. A deterioração pode ser decorrente da influência de diversos agentes de intemperismo, como a salinidade, poluição atmosférica e alta umidade, fatores resultantes da localização deste imóvel, na zona portuária do Rio. Atualmente o Mosteiro está passando por uma restauração interna e externa, com o intuito de preservar este importante patrimônio. O presente trabalho aborda a fachada lateral direita e apresenta discussões sobre os processos de intemperismo e as alterações encontradas nos materiais rochosos. Por meio da caracterização química (FRX) foi observada uma alta concentração de enxofre, e através da avaliação mineralógica (DRX) foi constatado o aparecimento da gipsita. Sendo assim, tais resultados apontam um processo de alteração da rocha.Palavras Chave: Mosteiro de São Bento, degradação, intemperismoAbstractEVALUATION AND ALTERABILITY OF RIGHT LATERAL ROCK FACADE FROM SÃO BENTO MONASTERY. The Center of Rio de Janeiro reveals important historical monuments built with ornamental stones during the colonial period. The mainly stones used on their architectural structure were the facoidal gneiss and leptinite, both are metamorphic types and belong to the local geologic context of the city’s landscape. A good exemple of the use of those stones on ancient building is visible on Monastery of St. Benedict, which facades are composed by leptinite and facoidal gneiss. Due to many factors and the time of exposure a lot of degradation process occurs on those stones leading to their decay. The decay of those stones may have a strong influence of various chemical and physical weathering agents, such as salinity, air pollution and high moisture. Those factors can result from for example, the city’s tropical climate and the location of this property nearby the port area in downtown of Rio de Janeiro. Today, the monastery is undergoing an internal and external restoration and in order to better understand the weathering processes and changes found on its stones materi.als, this work focus on the study of the right facade and presents some discussions about the results that were found through the chemical compounds (XRF), such as high sulfur concentration and mineralogical evaluation (XRD) which had showed the presence of gypsum. These technical results associated to the weather and the surroundings of this monument indicates the process of alteration in the stonesKeywords: Monastery of S Bento, alterability of dimension stone, conservation

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA ALTERABILIDADE DAS ROCHAS DA FACHADA DO MUSEU CASA DE RUI BARBOSA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Pereira da Silva Dalto ◽  
Paula Ribeiro Dias Mascarenhas ◽  
Kátia Leite Mansur ◽  
Roberto Carlos da Conceição Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Lithological Mapping ◽  
Ornamental Stones

ResumoO Museu Casa de Rui Barbosa, cuja construção foi feita no ano de 1850, localiza-se no bairro de Botafogo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e faz parte da Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa tombado pelo IPHAN. O edifício que abriga o Museu foi residência de Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira que dentre outras atribuições foi um jurista, escritor e político brasileiro de grande importância para o país. Devido a importância de cunho histórico e cultural de sua residência, o objetivo do presente trabalho é a caracterização e a avaliação da alterabilidade das rochas das fachadas da Casa de Rui Barbosa por meio de ensaios não destrutivos in situ. Para tal, foram realizados ensaios de avaliação de dureza, análise química por meio da fluorescência de raios-X portátil (FRX) e colorimetria. Foi feito também o mapeamento litológico, identificação das morfologias de alteração e amostragem da água de lavagem de locais alterados para avaliação química dos sais e sujidades utilizando técnica de espectrometria ICP-OES e análise de pH. A maioria das rochas ornamentais das fachadas são, possivelmente, gnaisses leptiníticos, e alguns apresentam alterações como modificação cromática, perda de massa, fissuras e esfoliação, porém há ainda a presença de gnaisses facoidais. A análise de FRX corrobora com a hipótese das rochas serem leptinitos devido ao alto teor de silício (50- 85%) e alumínio (12-32%), além de ferro (1-5%), indicando presença de granada almandina. Foi possível observar que há uma leve alteração cromática nos corpos avaliados. A análise química das águas de lavagem apresentou teores consideráveis de íons sódio e cloro, ambos com cerca de 7 mg.L-1, que podem estar relacionados com a proximidade do Museu à Baía de Guanabara, e enxofre com valores de S-2 e SO4-2, superior a 70 mg.L-1 e 140 mg.L-1, respectivamente, podendo estar relacionado à poluição oriunda do intenso tráfego de veículos na rua em que se encontra a casa. Os resultados apontam que existe um processo de degradação contínuo destas rochas, sendo influenciado por fatores climáticos e, também, pela sua localização.Palavras Chave: rochas ornamentais, alterabilidade, Museu Casa de Rui BarbosaAbstractALTERABILITY EVALUATION OF THE ROCK FACADE FROM CASA DE RUI BARBOSA MUSEUM. Casa Rui Barbosa Museum, was built in 1850, located in Botafogo in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and part of Foundation Casa de Rui Barbosa - IPHAN. The building was the residence of Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira who among other duties was a lawyer, a writer and a politician of great importance to Brazil. Because of the importance of historical and cultural nature, the aim of this study is the evaluation of the alterability of the stones of the facades of the Casa Rui Barbosa Museum through non-destructive testing in situ, hardness evaluation, chemical analysis by fluorescence-ray portable X (FRX) and colorimetric analysis. Also the lithological mapping, identification of alterability and chemical evaluation of the salts and dirtiness of the wash water using ICP-OES spectrometry, moreover pH analysis. Most ornamental stones of the facades are possibly leptynite, and some feature changes such as color change, weight loss, cracks and exfoliation, but there is still the presence of augen gneisses. The XRF analysis supports the hypothesis that stones are leptynite due to the high silicon content (50-85%) and aluminum (12-32%), and iron (1-5%), indicating the presence of almadine garnet. A slight color change was observed in the stones. Chemical analysis of the water showed significant levels of sodium and chloride ions, both with approximately 7 mg.L-1, which may be related to the proximity of the Guanabara Bay, and high values of S-2and SO4-2, above 70 mg.L-1and 140 mg.L-1, respectively, and may be related to pollution from the heavy vehicle traffic on the street where the Museum is located. The results showed that there is a continuous degradation process of these stones, influenced by weathering and the location.Keywords: dimension stones, weathering, Casa de Rui Museum

Labradorite gemstones and related ornamental stones from the type area on the coast of Nunatsiavut (Labrador), Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Plagioclase Feldspar ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Type Area ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
Rocky Coast ◽  
The Right

<p>Labradorite is an unusual gemstone in many respects, despite being a variety of plagioclase feldspar, probably the most common mineral in the Earth’s crust. Calcic plagioclase is common in mafic igneous rocks, especially gabbros, norites, troctolites and anorthosites, but it is generally unremarkable in appearance. However, gem labradorite exhibits striking colours on cleavage surfaces when viewed from exactly the right direction. Intense blues and greens are most common, but shades of brown, yellow and red also occur. This phenomenon results from optical interference effects caused by microscopic exsolution lamellae that have very specific and consistent thicknesses. This special type of iridescence is termed ‘labradorescence’ because it is very specific to this mineral. Labradorite was one of the earliest gemstones to be recognized in Canada, first collected by a Moravian missionary around 1773, and named by the famous mineralogist Abraham Werner in 1780. However, it was noted long before this, as there is an Inuit legend about the Northern Lights becoming imprisoned on the rocky coast of Labrador. The typical blue and green colours of the stone are indeed reminiscent of the auroral displays for which the region is famous.</p><p> </p><p>            In its type area around the town of Nain, labradorite is hosted by massive anorthositic rocks that are regionally extensive. The anorthosites generally contain > 90% plagioclase, with lesser pyroxene, olivine and Fe-Ti oxides. Labradorescence is variably present in the feldspars, and small pockets of bright colour occur sporadically within otherwise unremarkable rocks at many locations. More extensive gem-quality labradorite is associated with very coarse-grained (pegmatitic) zones, and several attempts at exploiting such material were made at a location now known as Tabor Island. Another well-known location in an inland area is appropriately known as “the Pearly Gates”, but this remains unexploited.  Coarse- grained, equigranular anorthosite containing 5-20% iridescent feldspar was quarried for dimension stone near Nain intermittently for about 20 years, and was marketed under the trade name ‘Blue Eyes’. Much potential remains for future production of stone of this general type in the Nain area, although the remote location and climate present logistical challenges.</p><p> </p><p>                Labradorite also occurs in many other places, and sources of significance include Norway, Finland, Australia and the island of Madagascar. Scandinavia is famous for the dimension stone known as Larvikite or “Blue Pearl”. This is a feldspar-rich monzonite that contains much iridescent plagioclase, but is darker in colour than typical Labrador anorthosites. Madagascar provides much of the material now used for craft purposes, even in the northern region where the mineral was first recognized. However, labradorite-rich stones are now being used by Inuit carvers, in addition to more traditional materials such as soapstone and serpentinite.</p>

Invisibility and vulnerability of tenements: disputes over centrality in the port area of Rio de Janeiro

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Alves dos Santos ◽  
Larissa Lacerda ◽  
Mariana Werneck
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Port Area

A utopia do direito à cidade: Possibilidades de superação da dicotomia favela-bairro no Rio de Janeiro

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Piñon de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

A utopia do direito à cidade,  no  caso específico do Rio de Janeiro, começa, obrigatoriamente, pela  superação da visão dicotômica favela-cidade. Para isso, é preciso que os moradores da favela possam sentir-se tão cidadãos quanto os que têm moradias fora das favelas. A utopia do direito à cidade tem de levar a favela a própria utopia da cidade. Uma cidade que não se fragmente em oposições asfalto-favela, norte-sul, praia-subúrbio e onde todos tenham direito ao(s) seu(s) centro(s). Oposições que expressam muito mais do que diferenças de  localização e que  se apresentam recheadas de  segregação, estereótipos e  ideologias. Por outro  lado, o direito a cidade, como possibilidade histórica, não pode ser pensado exclusivamente a partir da  favela. Mas as populações  que aí habitam guardam uma contribuição inestimável para  a  construção prática  desse direito. Isso porque,  das  experiências vividas, emergem aprendizados e frutificam esperanças e soluções. Para que a favela seja pólo de um desejo que impulsione a busca do direito a cidade, é necessário que ela  se  pense como  parte da história da própria cidade  e sua transformação  em metrópole.Abstract The right  to the city's  utopy  specifically  in Rio de Janeiro, begins by surpassing  the dichotomy approach between favela and the city. For this purpose, it is necessary, for the favela dwellers, the feeling of citizens as well as those with home outside the favelas. The right to the city's utopy must bring to the favela  the utopy to the city in itself- a non-fragmented city in terms of oppositions like "asphalt"-favela, north-south, beach-suburb and where everybody has right to their center(s). These oppositions express much more the differences of location and present  themselves full of segregation, stereotypes and ideologies. On  the other  hand, the right to  the city, as historical possibility, can not be thought  just from the favela. People that live there have a contribution for a practical construction of this right. 

Favelas, Affordable Housing, and Authoritarian Urbanism in the Era of Mass Eradication in Rio de Janeiro, 1960s–1970s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Benmergui
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

As the number of favelas and poor residents of Rio de Janeiro grew quickly by the mid-20th century, they became the object of policymaking, social science research, real estate speculation, and grassroots mobilization. After a decade in which local authorities recognized the de facto presence of favelas but without legally ascertaining the right of permanence, the 1960s and early 1970s witnessed the era of mass eradication. Seemingly contradictory—but complementary—policies also included the development of massive low-income housing complexes and innovative community development and favela urbanization experiences empowered by community organizations with the assistance of experts committed to improving the lives of poor Cariocas (residents of Rio). Favelas in Rio were at the crossroads of a particular interplay of forces: the urgent need to modernize Rio’s obsolete and inadequate urban infrastructure; the new administrative status of the city after the inauguration of Brasilia; and the redefinition of the balance of power between local, municipal, and federal forces in a time of radical politics and authoritarian and technocratic military regimes, Cold War diplomacy, and the transnational flows of expertise and capital.

scholarly journals PORT WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN RIO DE JANEIRO

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélio Lamare Soares Murta ◽  
Nerlandes Nerlandes Nunes De Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Da Silva Pereira ◽  
Humberto Santiago Pazzini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Emergency Actions

The purpose of this article is to elaborate a diagnosis of the port area and the socioenvironmental management of the Port of Rio de Janeiro, beyond of delineate their profile and proposes actions to improve the management of solid waste. To attainment the goals we conducted a literature review and interviews with the environmental manager of the Port of Rio de Janeiro and researchers with the International Virtual Institute of Global Change – IVIG from COPPE/UFRJ. The study has identified ineffective waste management of the Port of Rio de Janeiro beyond generate unnecessary costs with emergency actions and attracts harmful synanthropic fauna: cockroaches, scorpions and rodents. This is because environmental management, among other factors, is presented by the inadequate supervision inefficient, poor technology, inadequate infrastructure, environmental education and sprayed lack of integration between the actors involved. Thus, integration between government, private sector, third sector and consumers would become a sustainable, effective and viable waste management port.

scholarly journals A utopia do direito à cidade: Possibilidades de superação da dicotomia favela-bairro no Rio de Janeiro

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Piñon de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

A utopia do direito à cidade,  no  caso específico do Rio de Janeiro, começa, obrigatoriamente, pela  superação da visão dicotômica favela-cidade. Para isso, é preciso que os moradores da favela possam sentir-se tão cidadãos quanto os que têm moradias fora das favelas. A utopia do direito à cidade tem de levar a favela a própria utopia da cidade. Uma cidade que não se fragmente em oposições asfalto-favela, norte-sul, praia-subúrbio e onde todos tenham direito ao(s) seu(s) centro(s). Oposições que expressam muito mais do que diferenças de  localização e que  se apresentam recheadas de  segregação, estereótipos e  ideologias. Por outro  lado, o direito a cidade, como possibilidade histórica, não pode ser pensado exclusivamente a partir da  favela. Mas as populações  que aí habitam guardam uma contribuição inestimável para  a  construção prática  desse direito. Isso porque,  das  experiências vividas, emergem aprendizados e frutificam esperanças e soluções. Para que a favela seja pólo de um desejo que impulsione a busca do direito a cidade, é necessário que ela  se  pense como  parte da história da própria cidade  e sua transformação  em metrópole.Abstract The right  to the city's  utopy  specifically  in Rio de Janeiro, begins by surpassing  the dichotomy approach between favela and the city. For this purpose, it is necessary, for the favela dwellers, the feeling of citizens as well as those with home outside the favelas. The right to the city's utopy must bring to the favela  the utopy to the city in itself- a non-fragmented city in terms of oppositions like "asphalt"-favela, north-south, beach-suburb and where everybody has right to their center(s). These oppositions express much more the differences of location and present  themselves full of segregation, stereotypes and ideologies. On  the other  hand, the right to  the city, as historical possibility, can not be thought  just from the favela. People that live there have a contribution for a practical construction of this right. 

scholarly journals Forensic igneous petrology: locating the source quarry for the “black granite" Titanic headstones in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 087-114
Author(s):  
D. Barrie Clarke ◽  
Christopher R.M. McFarlane ◽  
David Hamilton ◽  
David Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Igneous Petrology ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
The Right

In Halifax, Nova Scotia, 149 victims of the 1912 sinking of the Titanic lie beneath petrologically identical "black granite" headstones. Those headstones, supplied by the White Star Line, arrived in Halifax in late 1912, but no known historical document reveals their source. They consist of medium- to coarse-grained olivine-bearing gabbro, with cumulus phases consisting of randomly oriented euhedral plagioclase laths, corroded olivine, and titaniferous magnetite, and intercumulus material consisting of augite with reaction rims of hornblende, both of which are variably altered to actinolite and biotite. Three types of forensic evidence [quantitative – radiometric age of 422.1 ± 1.3 Ma (n = 17), mean olivine FeO/(FeO + MgO) values ranging from 0.43 to 0.46, augite rim trace- element compositions (35 elements), and whole-rock chemical compositions (48 elements), including statistical analysis of all these data showing no significant differences between the headstones and their putative source quarry; qualitative – mineral assemblages, modal proportions, textural parameters, style and degree of alteration; and circumstantial – regional reputation, quarrying history, local logistics, regional transportation, McGrattan marker] connect the Titanic headstones to the Saint George Batholith in southwestern New Brunswick. Precise matching of any dimension stone to its source quarry is problematic, because that material connects only to a void in the quarry. Ideally, all physical-chemical-temporal properties of the dimension stone and source quarry should match, both quantitatively and qualitatively, but in reality only the ages must almost certainly match. Thus it is remotely possible for the right quarry to mismatch most of the properties of the dimension stone, and for a wrong quarry to match most of the properties of the dimension stone. However, in the case of the Titanic headstones, the cumulative weight of all the quantitative, qualitative, and circumstantial evidence, combined with a process of elimination and application of Ockham’s razor, indicate that the Charles Hanson quarry near Bocabec, southwestern New Brunswick, is the likely source for the gabbroic Titanic headstones in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

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