Thirty-seven variables describing demographic, socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, mobility, housing, structural, and locational aspects, were factor analyzed for Newark City and for Newark metropolitan area, in 1960. Roughly corresponding orthogonal dimensions were found. They were interpreted as segregation (racial-ethnic dimension), social rank, familism, mobility, and wives' employment, respectively, with a weak additional maleness dimension emerging in the metropolitan area. The strength of the dimensions shifted from city to metropolitan area. Segregation was the most important one in the city, with social rank and familism next. The metropolitan area had social rank first and familism next. Urban-suburban mean differences were strong but could not account for the dimensional differences in strength. Suburban differentiation appeared somewhat better caught by the dimensions than its city counterpart. Three dimensions may be seen as belonging to the familism type, but they did not refer to different stages of the family cycle in the first place, as in some Scandinavian studies. All dimensions showed some zonal variation in the metropolitan area. Social rank (and maleness) also varied sectorially, and segregation had a clustered spatial pattern.
Changing Spatial Structure of the Lille Metropolitan Area under EU Integration.