urban structure
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2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Ankit ◽  
Sandhya Ankit

This paper attempts to analyse the trends of urbanization based on three-decade census data during 1991, 2001, and 2011 in Nagaur city. Various dimensions of urbanization have been studied through charts and diagrams. For this purpose, the urban parameters such as the growth rate of the urban population, gender dynamics, literacy rate, density, work, and economic structure of the Nagaur city have been examined. Results show that in these last three decades the urban structure of Nagaur city has been changed due to rapid industrialization and rural to urban migration. Urbanization in Nagaur has been relatively slow compared to many developing megacities. As per data released by Govt. of India, Nagaur is an Urban Agglomeration coming under the category of Class I UAs/Towns. According to trends, Nagaur is at the acceleration stage of the process of urbanization. Rapid urbanization raises many issues that might have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. In this situation, monitoring urbanization is vital for planners, management, government, and non-government organizations for implementing policies to optimize the use of natural resources and accommodate development at the same time minimizing the impact on the environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Varameth Vichiensan ◽  
Vasinee Wasuntarasook ◽  
Yoshitsugu Hayashi ◽  
Masanobu Kii ◽  
Titipakorn Prakayaphun

Bangkok suffered from the world’s worst traffic congestion in the 1990s due to rapidly increasing car ownership, reflecting the economic growth and road-dependent transport policy beginning in the 1960s. Due to its monocentric but scattered urban structure, traffic congestion is severe, causing tremendous economic loss, deteriorating air quality, and badly affecting the quality of life. A historical review reveals that the urban and transport plan and development were not efficiently coordinated, resulting in unorganized suburbanization and progressively more severe traffic congestion. It is important to reveal the impact of the transportation project on the housing market in order to incorporate the policies for transportation and urban development. To define the impact, the OLS hedonic price model and the local multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model were estimated, along with the condominium sales data. The results revealed that the impact of rail transit on a rise in property value significantly varied across the study area. It was estimated that, for the area along the major rail transit corridor in the city center, a premium of a location 100-m closer to the station would be more than 200 USD per square meter. At the same time, the value would be less than 80 USD for the area along the rail corridor in the suburb. These findings provide policy insights for future urban and railway development, including the proper coordination of rail transit development and urban development with subcenters, transit-oriented development, and improved pedestrian flow around transit stations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 8189-8204
Author(s):  
Lineu Castello

Variations are due to happen in the course of Planning History, though there has been an unusual outburst of changes in recent times. Two factors seem to be at the outset of these changes: the crucial growth of global urbanization; and the actual tendency for cities presenting a complex of ‘place’ centralities. Undoubtedly, central to alterations in Planning History are the special conditions of contemporary society, with almost 80% of whose members living in urbanized environments. But next to it comes the extraordinary increase in the production of newly invented ‘places’ under the most diverse forms: entertainment places, themed malls, revamping of historical settings, and so on. This pervading tendency led to changes in planning attitudes, seen as historical in face of their global claims. However, many of the innovative theoretical issues now linked to the concept of place have not been thoroughly examined in the Planning area so far. Additionally, the concept is now engrossing the research interests of other disciplines, which results in important contributions being introduced to its foundational aspects, hence, establishing a transdisciplinary condition to its essence. In fact, planning theory seems now ripe to ‘replace’ its prevalent understanding of place. This paper intends to suggest some of the directions to follow in such an attempt. Methodologically, it will pursue the directions set by three types of conflicts generated by the variations: controversies, contrasts, and challenges. To approach the variations in terms of the controversies implies to realize the duality in the roles places can perform in today’s societal behaviours: a functional as well as an existential one. Indeed, for some scholars, the new invented places of today are appropriated as new places of urbanity, leading to think that we are on the brink of a situation where the perception of place can influence the perception of ‘urbanity’ – urbanity understood as that unique quality forwarded by cities to their citizens in terms of communication and sociability – ultimately entailing new ways of enjoying the urbanity cities have to offer. Contrasts associated to the variations bring to light a duality present in the Planning discipline itself. Previously, the discipline had that the sense of place would derive exclusively from society’s practices, emerging from them as a social construction, whereas today, besides being a social construction, place is also regarded as an economic construction. This is a condition that sometimes exacerbates inherent social contrasts, producing cities dotted with fragments of exception believed to act upon the urban structure as disintegrative factors evidencing latent differences. Finally, to approach the variations in terms of their challenges will direct the focus towards the planning decisions city’s administrators are faced to take when settling to embark on the placemaking + placemarketing game – or not – a challenge cities increasingly are compelled to adhere to, often at the risk of engaging on demanding competitive practices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilu Yuan ◽  
Haojia Lin ◽  
Shengjun Tang ◽  
Renzhong Guo

Human daily mobility plays an important role in urban research. Commuting of urban residents is an important part of urban daily mobility, especially in working days. However, the characteristic of the mobility network formed by the commuting of urban residents and its impact on the internal structure of the city are still an important work that needs to be explored further. Aiming to study the living–working interaction pattern of meta-populations over urban divisions within cities, a fine-grained dataset of living–working tracking of Shenzhen is curated and used to construct an urban living–working mobility network, and the living–working interaction pattern is analyzed through the community structures of the network. The results show that human daily mobility plays an important role in understanding the formation of urban structure, the administrative divisions of the city affect human daily mobility, and human daily mobility reacts on the formation of urban structure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-337
Author(s):  
Angela Wendnagel-Beck ◽  
Marvin Ravan ◽  
Nimra Iqbal ◽  
Jörn Birkmann ◽  
Giorgos Somarakis ◽  
...  

Cities are key to climate change mitigation and adaptation in an increasingly urbanized world. As climate, socio-economic, and physical compositions of cities are constantly changing, these need to be considered in their urban climate adaptation. To identify these changes, urban systems can be characterized by physical, functional, and social indicators. Multi-dimensional approaches are needed to capture changes of city form and function, including patterns of mobility, land use, land cover, economic activities, and human behaviour. In this article, we examine how urban structure types provide one way to differentiate cities in general and to what extent socio-economic criteria have been considered regarding the characterization of urban typologies. In addition, we analyse how urban structure types are used in local adaptation strategies and plans to derive recommendations and concrete targets for climate adaptation. To do this, we examine indicators, background data used, and cartographic information developed for and within such urban adaptation plans, focusing in particular on the German cities of Karlsruhe and Berlin. The comparative analysis provides new insights into how present adaptation plans consider physical and social structures, including issues of human vulnerability within cities. Based on the analysis we make recommendations on how to improve the consideration of both physical and socio-economic aspects of a city to support pathways for adaptation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
T. S. Martynenko

The article presents an overview of studies of the factors that affect health in the contemporary city. The increase in the urban population makes it necessary to analyze factors (environmental, social, etc.) and features of the urban structure in terms of their impact on the quality and standards of living. However, assessments of the city in the study of healthy lifestyle are contradictory. On the one hand, researchers emphasize the availability of medical care, effective fight against infectious diseases, and numerous attempts to transform the visual urban space. On the other hand, researchers stress the spatial inequality of the urban structure (for example, in access to health care), the spread of noncommunicable and lifestyle diseases in cities, the destruction of social ties and the problem of loneliness. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize the current research, identify the main risks of urban lifestyle, and discuss the role of social sciences in such interdisciplinary studies. The proposed typology of health research in the contemporary city is based on Yu.P. Lisitsyns ratio of factors that determine the level of health. Although many studies claim an integrated approach, the analysis showed that most of them present one of three approaches: the study of sanitary-hygienic features of the urban space (or its medical aspects); the study of ecology and architecture of the urban space; the study of social-psychological features of the urban lifestyle. The systematization of the main risks of the urban lifestyle allowed the author to identify the priority areas of its study. Thus, based on the features of the covid-19 pandemic in cities, the author argues that there is a need for more active participation of sociologists in the discussion of both infectious and non-communicable diseases, which should focus on social factors of their spread, course, prevention and control.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Nataliya N. VOLOGDINA ◽  
Mikhail A. VOLODIN

The narrative motive of the study is the fact of the infl uence of the garden and park ensembles’ construction on the development of cities. The historical periods of the highest fl owering of culture, philosophy, aesthetic ideas, and the development of construction skills have been selected for the work. The authors of the article draw att ention to the theoretical works of the 20th century in Western civilization, considering the city as a natural system. Their connection with the concepts of the 16th- 19th centuries in England, France, Italy, and France is affi rmed. The idea of the city as a natural system is revealed through images and metaphors, which help to understand the place of public landscapes in the history of civilization. The article presents the garden-park complexes, the creation of which changed the urban planning paradigm, initiated the construction of new cities, promoted the replacement of obsolete or lost elements of urban structure. The author suggests the classifi cation of landscape complexes according to their role in the development of urban planning and their infl uence on the artistic culture, architecture and morphology of the city.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Elvira A. GROMILINA

The modern development of cities is infl uenced by a large number of factors, for example, the political environment, global climate change, and the epidemiological situation. The article examines the relationship between the subsystems of urban structure, ensuring its successive development, with the aspects of sustainable development. Aspects of succession urban development in the context of sustainable development are divided into three groups: environmental, economic and social. The urban planning process consists of short-term and long-term programs. Taking into account the identifi ed aspects, the principles of urban planning are formulated, which are aimed at preserving and developing the successive elements of the architectural and planning structure of the city.


Author(s):  
S.E. Mamedov ◽  

The article analyzes, from the point of view of the ecological aspect, the project of Zaha Hadid - the residential complex "Lidon Singapore". When studying the basic drawings (master plan, floor plans, and sections), architectural and planning solutions are identified that increase the level of environmental friendliness in the residential structure. These architectural techniques increase the degree of comfort of the living environment and contribute to the formation of sustainable development of the urban structure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13745
Author(s):  
Carolina Rojas Quezada ◽  
Felipe Jorquera

In an urbanized world, the sustainability of cities will depend on their form and urban structure. In this sense, fabrics that are compact, dense, green, and suitable for non-motorized transport methods are more environmentally efficient. For the purpose of contributing new tools to the design, urban planning, and sustainability of nature in residential areas, this study characterizes the urban fabrics of six urban wetlands in the Latin American city of Concepción (Chile), which is known for its blue–green spaces. In a wetland city, we model urban patterns through spatial relationship using a statistical regression model (OLS—ordinary least squares) with the urban variables of density, distance, population, housing, highways, green areas, and building permits. Concepción shows predominantly low- to medium-density fabrics, and it is not integrated with the urban wetlands. In fact, it was observed that the residential areas do not take advantage of the blue–green spaces and that the urban fabrics do not favor proximity, with a transportation network that promotes the use of cars, leading to the wetlands being inaccessible and fragmented. However, as they are still surrounded by open spaces with abundant vegetation, there are highly feasible opportunities for the future development of blue–green infrastructure.


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