A process evaluation of We Can Quit: A stop-smoking programme for women living in socio-disadvantaged areas in Ireland

AbstractIntroductionAssessing the fidelity of complex behavioural interventions and examining the contextual reasons why such interventions succeed, or fail are important activities but challenging and rarely reported. The Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) trial is a cluster randomised trial evaluating the effectiveness of a complex intervention to optimise the National Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Service delivered in community pharmacies. This complex intervention comprises a training package for pharmacy staff involving motivational interviewing and communication skills aimed at increasing smoking cessation knowledge and proactive client engagement. We report on a process evaluation which was planned alongside the trial to offer findings that will assist in the interpretation of the main trial results and help inform potential implementation in community pharmacy settings on a wider scale.Methods and analysisQuantitative data on recruitment and retention process of pharmacies, pharmacy staff and service users has been collected during the trial along with data on dose and fidelity of the intervention delivery from participating intervention arm pharmacies to identify potential implementation issues. Simulated client data on behaviour change skills and display of intervention materials from both control and intervention pharmacies is being assessed. These data will be combined with qualitative data; including adviser-smoker consultation recordings that provide a snapshot of behaviour skills delivery by stop smoking advisers and semi-structured interviews with pharmacy staff and services users from the intervention arm.DiscussionPublished protocols for process evaluations of complex health interventions are still rare despite increasing funding for this work to facilitate understanding of trial outcomes from an implementation perspective. This mixed methods protocol will contribute to the developing literature around the conduct of process evaluation and the value they add to health services research.Trial registration numberISRCTN16351033.Strengths and limitations of this studyA planned mixed methods process evaluation that draws together data from different sources to help explain the trial results and establish the feasibility of scaling this complex intervention up in community pharmacy settings.A strength is the use of a previously tested mystery shopping method to assess fidelity of skills performance at the pharmacy counterThe process evaluation relies on willing pharmacy staff and service users involved in the trial to collect some of the data, which may introduce bias.This paper also provides a detailed example of how to use the MRC framework for process evaluation of complex interventions to design an extensive process evaluation within trial settings.

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Meeting the challenges of implementing process evaluation within randomized controlled trials: the example of ASSIST (A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial)

Health Education Research ◽

10.1093/her/cyl029 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 366-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

S. Audrey

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Process Evaluation ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Stop Smoking

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A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial (ASSIST) a decade on: insights from a mixed method process evaluation

Tobacco Induced Diseases ◽

10.18332/tid/83804 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fiona Dobbie ◽

Richard Purves ◽

Jennifer McKell ◽

James White ◽

Rona Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Evaluation ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Stop Smoking

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Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010007463x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 160-161

Author(s):

Simon Thomas

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Process Evaluation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Technology Development ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Analysis Of Failures ◽

Characterization Of Materials ◽

Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

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Counseling Adolescents With Hearing Loss Using a Narrative Therapy Approach

Perspectives on Administration and Supervision ◽

10.1044/aas19.2.72 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Nelson Crowell ◽

Julie Hanenburg ◽

Amy Gilbertson

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Process Evaluation ◽

Narrative Therapy ◽

Daily Life ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Therapy Approach ◽

Self Worth ◽

Counseling Adolescents

Abstract Audiologists have a responsibility to counsel patients with auditory concerns on methods to manage the inherent challenges associated with hearing loss at every point in the process: evaluation, hearing aid fitting, and follow-up visits. Adolescents with hearing loss struggle with the typical developmental challenges along with communicative challenges that can erode one's self-esteem and self-worth. The feeling of “not being connected” to peers can result in feelings of isolation and depression. This article advocates the use of a Narrative Therapy approach to counseling adolescents with hearing loss. Adolescents with hearing loss often have problem-saturated narratives regarding various components of their daily life, friendships, amplification, academics, etc. Audiologists can work with adolescents with hearing loss to deconstruct the problem-saturated narratives and rebuild the narratives into a more empowering message. As the adolescent retells their positive narrative, they are likely to experience increased self-esteem and self-worth.

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