The Household and Individual-level Economic Impacts of Cash Transfer Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Daidone ◽  
Benjamin Davis ◽  
Sudhanshu Handa ◽  
Paul Winters
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals The Household and Individual‐Level Productive Impacts of Cash Transfer Programs in Sub‐Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1401-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Daidone ◽  
Benjamin Davis ◽  
Sudhanshu Handa ◽  
Paul Winters
Keyword(s):  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals “Honestly, this problem has affected me a lot”: A qualitative exploration of the socioeconomic impacts of chronic respiratory disease among people and their communities in Sudan and Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzochukwu Egere ◽  
Elizabeth H Shayo ◽  
Martha Chinouya ◽  
Miriam Taegtmeyer ◽  
Jane Ardery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract BackgroundOver 500 million people live with chronic respiratory diseases globally and approximately 4 million of these, mostly from the low- and middle-income countries including sub-Saharan Africa, die prematurely every year. Despite high CRD morbidity and mortality, little is known about the socioeconomic impact of CRDs in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the socioeconomic impact of CRDs among people with CRD to inform management of CRDs in Sudan and Tanzania. MethodWe conducted in-depth interviews with people with known or suspected CRD and focus group discussions with members of the community in Gezira state, Sudan and Dodoma region, Tanzania, to share their understanding and experience with CRD. The data was analyzed using thematic framework analysis. ResultsPeople with CRD in both contexts reported a significantly diminished capacity to do hard physical work, resulting in both direct and indirect economic impacts for them and their families. Direct costs were incurred while seeking healthcare, including expenditures on transportation to the health facility and procurement of diagnostic tests and treatments, whilst loss of working hours and jobs resulted in substantial indirect costs. Enacted and internalized stigma leading to withdrawal and social exclusion was described by participants and resulted in part from association of chronic cough with tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. In Sudan, asthma was described as having a negative impact on marital prospects for young women and non-disclosure related to stigma was a particular issue for young people. Impaired community participation and restrictions on social activity led to psychological stress for both people with CRD and their families. ConclusionChronic respiratory diseases have substantial social and economic impacts among people with CRD and their families in Sudan and Tanzania. Stigma is particularly strong and appears to be driven in part by association of chronic cough with infectiousness. Context-appropriate measures to address economic impacts and chronic cough stigma are urgently needed as part of interventions to address chronic respiratory diseases in these sub-Saharan African contexts.

scholarly journals Cash Transfers and Child Nutrition: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladayo Nathaniel Awojobi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Nutritional Outcomes

This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on cash transfers and child nutrition. The main purpose of the research is to assess the effectiveness of cash transfers in improving nutritional outcomes in vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa. Systematisation of the literary sources indicates that studies have justified cash transfer as social-income support that addresses a vital social determinant of health (income) for children in low-and-middle-income countries. The methodological basis of this study is a systematic review that searched a wide range of academic and grey literature databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. This study included cluster-randomised controlled trials (R.C.T.s), randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, mixed-methods studies, and non-randomised cluster trials. Studies included in this systematic review were screened for their eligibility. The systematic review uses the Cochrane data collection form to extract data from the included studies. It was not feasible to statistically combine the results of the studies due to the heterogeneity of most of the studies. Preferably, the review employs a narrative synthesis to present the estimated effects of cash transfers on children’s nutritional outcomes. The systematic review presents the results of data synthesis, of which eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the evidence from the systematic review indicates that cash transfer programmes targeted at children effectively improve anthropometric and nutritional outcomes. Further research is needed to spell out the multiple pathways to how cash transfers improve children’s nutritional outcomes. Moreover, this systematic review shows the importance of cash transfers in improving child nutrition. Policymakers should continue to employ institutional mechanisms to strengthen the nutritional status of children, especially the vulnerable ones since cash transfer intervention is a temporary measure.

Determinants of Sexual Violence Against Married Women: Qualitative Evidence From Ghana

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107906322091072
Author(s):  
Gervin A. Apatinga ◽  
Eric Y Tenkorang
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Ghanaian Women

Some evidence suggests that in sub-Saharan Africa, sexual violence is commonplace among married women, yet this problem is underresearched. Using qualitative methods and applying Heise’s social-ecological model, this study examined the experiences of 15 Ghanaian women suffering sexual violence in their marriages. Results from the thematic analysis indicate several determinants of sexual violence. Whereas some participants identified macro-level and exosystem factors, including poverty, others pointed to micro-level and ontogenic factors, such as husbands’ substance abuse. The results corroborate the core idea of Heise’s framework, namely, that structural- and individual-level factors make women vulnerable to violence. The study concludes that Ghanaian legal and policy frameworks must be enforced and strengthened to address the etiology of sexual violence and abuse.

scholarly journals Infant mortality among native-born children of immigrants in France, 2008–17: results from a socio-demographic panel survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wallace ◽  
Myriam Khlat ◽  
Michel Guillot
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Within Europe, France stands out as a major country that lacks recent and reliable evidence on how infant mortality levels vary among the native-born children of immigrants compared with the native-born children of two parents born in France. Methods We used a nationally representative socio-demographic panel consisting of 296 400 births and 980 infant deaths for the period 2008–17. Children of immigrants were defined as being born to at least one parent born abroad and their infant mortality was compared with that of children born to two parents born in France. We first calculated infant mortality rates per 1000 live births. Then, using multi-level logit models, we calculated odds ratios of infant mortality in a series of models adjusting progressively for parental origins (M1), core demographic factors (M2), father's socio-professional category (M3) and area-level urbanicity and deprivation score (M4). Results We documented a substantial amount of excess infant mortality among those children born to at least one parent from Eastern Europe, Northern Africa, Western Africa, Other Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas, with variation among specific origin countries belonging to these groups. In most of these cases, the excess infant mortality levels persisted after adjusting for all individual-level and area-level factors. Conclusions Our findings, which can directly inform national public health policy, reaffirm the persistence of longstanding inequality in infant mortality according to parental origins in France and add to a growing body of evidence documenting excess infant mortality among the children of immigrants in Europe.

scholarly journals How education mitigates the realisation of fertility intentions: Is sub-Saharan Africa different?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Channon ◽  
SARAH HARPER
Keyword(s):  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Individual

The gap between achieved fertility and fertility ideals is notably higher in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) than elsewhere, relating to both under- and overachievement of fertility ideals. We consider the extent to which the relationship between fertility ideals and achieved fertility is mitigated by educational achievement. Further, we consider if the effect of education acts differently in SSA, and thereby hypothesise how increasing levels of education in SSA may decrease fertility.We use 227 Demographic and Health Surveys from 57 countries worldwide to look at population- and individual-level measures of achieving fertility ideals. Population level measures are used to assess whether the correspondence between fertility intentions and achievements differ by level of education. We then look at the individual-level determinants of both under- and overachieving fertility intentions. An average of 40% of women in SSA underachieve their stated fertility intentions compared to 26% in non-SSA countries. Furthermore, the educational gradient of underachievement is different in SSA where higher levels of education are not related to better correspondence between fertility intentions and achievements. We argue that the phenomenon of underachieving fertility ideals (or unrealized fertility) may be of particular importance for the ongoing fertility transition throughout SSA, especially for highly educated groups.

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