Table of correspondence between paragraphs, tables and figures in the 2018 edition of the iaea regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material and the twenty-second revised edition of the recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods

2021 ◽  
pp. 905-910
Author(s):  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elsayed Mohamed Mohamed

Every day thousands of shipments of radioactive materials are transported on international and national routes. These consignments, which are carried by road, rail, sea, air and inland waterway, can range from smoke detectors and cobalt sources for medical uses to reprocessed fuel for use in electricity generation. The transport of radioactive materials worldwide is governed by stringent regulatory regime, which includes standards, codes and regulations that have been continuously revised and updated over the past four decades. The safety measures have been developed to protect the general public, transport workers, emergency response teams and the environment against the risks posed by the cargoes. These risks include the radioactivity itself and other chemical risks that the cargoes may pose, such as toxicity or corrosivity. In addition to the safety regulations, the regulatory regime addresses other, related issues such as physical protection and liability. It was recognized that these standards should provide a uniform, global regime to ensure that all parties apply the same provisions. Since 1961, the UN (United Nations) has published and periodically reviewed and updated the regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material. These regulations are used today by more than 60 countries as the basic for their national regulations. In addition, the main international modal organizations responsible for the safe transport of dangerous goods by road, rail, sea, air and inland waterways have incorporated the relevant parts of the UN regulations into their own instruments. This paper will discuss and outline the principal regulations that apply to the transport of radioactive materials such as the UN regulations for the safe transport of radioactive materials, The UN regime governing the international transport of dangerous goods, the principal modal regulations governing the transport of dangerous goods and achievement of a more harmonized regime. and the international organizations responsible for their development and implementation.


Author(s):  
Christopher S. Bajwa ◽  
Ronald B. Pope

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is entrusted by the Social and Economic Council of the United Nations with developing safety requirements for the safe transport of radioactive material. These requirements were first published as “Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material”, Safety Series No. 6, 1961 edition (The Regulations). At the same time, the Director General of the IAEA indicated that these regulations would be revised at appropriate intervals, in consultation with Member States, and with input from other relevant organizations, as appropriate. After 50 years, over 10 revisions of the Regulations have been published. These revisions have been taking into account experiences in transport, newly identified issues, new technologies, best practices, the demand for safer transport, and harmonization. Problems, challenges, the demand for improvements, and the need to provide biennial inputs to international dangerous goods model transport regulations have driven the transport community and the IAEA in particular, to facilitate the regular review and revision of the Regulations. With the passage of time, the scientific and technical heritage of several decades of development in transport safety has begun to fade, and the requirement to capture valuable knowledge which needs to be preserved for future reference has become clear. In general, every requirement in the regulations was developed based on an appropriate technical basis. The technical basis exists in a decentralized manner in many Member States with mature nuclear programs. Easier access to the existing technical bases for the Regulations could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the Regulations and could inform proposals for change that were previously considered but not accepted for various technical (or political) reasons. Knowledge capture and transfer can contribute to the development of and innovations in, transport safety. This paper provides an overview of the efforts to date that have been undertaken to develop a technical basis document for supporting the current transport regulations and will highlight the future plans for the development of this document.


Author(s):  
A. A. Batalov

INTRODUCTION. Within the context of the theory of ‘the concordance of the wills of States’ developed in the Russian doctrine of international law and on the basis of the contemporary practice of States and international aviation organizations (in particular, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)) the author examines the process of rule-making and the sources of international air law.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The present research has been conducted on the basis of international air law treaties, the ICAO documents, as well as the works of Russian and foreign international law experts. The methodology of the research is based upon general scientific and special methods, including dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal method.RESEARCH RESULTS. On the basis of his research the author has been able to identify and systematize the present-day sources of international air law, i.e. the forms, in which the norms of this branch of interna- tional law exist. Theoretical and practical problems relating to the development and implementation of these sources of international air law have been examined.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. On the basis of the theory of ‘the concordance of the wills of States’ developed in the Russian doctrine of international law and the contemporary practice of States and international aviation organizations the following sources of international air law have been identified: (i) international treaties; (ii) international customs; (iii) ICAO international standards; (iv) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air. Each of these sources of international air law has been examined in detail both from the point of view of the rulemaking process and within the context of its role played in regulation of cooperation between States in the area of international civil aviation. In particular, the author shows the specific role in international air law of such traditional sources as international treaties and international customs. As for the international standards and the Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, they are described as special complex forms of creation of norms of international air law emerged as a result of rapid development of civil aviation in the second half of the 20th century and its transformation into the global passengers and cargo transportation network. Overall examination of the currently existing rule-making processes and sources of the international air law demonstrates that they are rather dynamic and well take into account the contemporary development of global aviation and the interests of different States.


2018 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 341-363
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Rogalski ◽  
Dariusz Pyza

The article presents selected problems of organization of dangerous goods transport. The transport of dangerous goods in accordance with safety regulations and standards guarantees not only the minimization of hazards resulting from the transport of hazardous materials, but also its full effectiveness. Selection of the type of packaging and means of transport depending on the threats posed by a specific dangerous product, it affects the safety of transport and the external environment. In this sense, the article presents the characteristics of legal acts related to the transport of hazardous materials, the conditions of safe transport and the obligations of participants in the transport process.


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