scholarly journals THE OVER-REPRESENTATION OF CHILDREN IN CARE IN THE YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: THEORY AND POLICY ISSUES

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Corrado ◽  
Lauren Freedman ◽  
Catherine Blatier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Children In Care

<span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Placement in child protection services, or becoming a child in care, is associated with a disproportionate involvement in youth and adult criminal justice systems. While there is not extensive research on this relationship, there is evidence that many children in care have risk profiles consistent with criminal justice involvement. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of exposure to risk factors related to mental health, education, and antisocial behaviour among children in care, in addition to risk factors that are distinctive to those placed in child protection services. A recent large cohort dataset from British Columbia, Canada, is utilized to examine these risk profiles. Recommendations to identify those involved in child protection services most at risk for criminal justice involvement, with the use of risk management instruments such as the Cracow Instrument, are discussed. In addition, several other important policy themes regarding diagnostic and case management challenges are explored.</span>

scholarly journals Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755952093520
Author(s):  
Tyson Whitten ◽  
Kimberlie Dean ◽  
Rebecca Li ◽  
Kristin R. Laurens ◽  
Felicity Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Mental Disorder Diagnosis

Parental history of offending and/or mental illness are risk factors for child maltreatment. However, limited research has directly contrasted the role of maternal versus paternal criminal offending or mental health problems in contributing to earlier contact with the child protection system. In this study we examined the relative contributions of these risk factors in relation to the time to the offspring’s first report to child protection services, or first placement in out of home care (OOHC), using administrative records for a population sample of 71,661 children. Prior paternal offending had a greater independent effect on time to the offspring’s first contact with child protection services (HR = 2.27 [95% CI = 2.14-2.40]) than maternal offending (HR = 1.75 [95% CI = 1.63 -1.87]) or maternal mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.66 [95% CI = 1.57 -1.77]). By contrast, prior maternal offending (HR = 2.58 [95% CI = 2.26-2.95]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 2.33 [95% CI = 2.05-2.63]) had a greater effect on earlier placement in OOHC, relative to prior paternal offending (HR = 1.59 [95% CI = 1.35 -1.88]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.06 [95% CI = 0.94 -1.19]). These findings demonstrate the potential benefits of coordinated government responses across multiple agencies to identify vulnerable children and families who might benefit from early interventions or support services.

scholarly journals Co-occurring risk factors for arrest among persons with opioid abuse and dependence: Implications for developing interventions to limit criminal justice involvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Fisher ◽  
Robin Clark ◽  
Jeffrey Baxter ◽  
Bruce Barton ◽  
Elizabeth O’Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement

scholarly journals RISK PROFILES, TRAJECTORIES, AND INTERVENTION POINTS FOR SERIOUS AND CHRONIC YOUNG OFFENDERS

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Corrado ◽  
Lauren Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Program Intervention ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Subsequent Risk

<p>One of the lesser understood research issues about antisocial onset and persistence is whether there are different patterns of risk factors within the broader identified pathways that require distinctive treatment strategies. This article hypothesizes that there are at least five distinct pathways to persistent antisocial behaviour. The pathways are premised upon the developmental perspective and suggest that the experiences of individuals and their exposure to subsequent risk factors are affected by the earliest risk factors to which the individual is exposed. From a policy perspective, development of these pathways focuses on the goal of preventing antisocial onset, or to reduce the likelihood that behaviours will become progressively antisocial, while concurrently encouraging desistance. A key objective is to inform policy-makers about possible program intervention points for specific sets of risk factors, utilizing programs that have already been identified as successful, and developing new experimental programs.<strong></strong></p>

Child, Family, and Case Characteristics Associated With Reentry Into Out-of-Home Care Among Children and Youth Involved With Child Protection Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Brown ◽  
Rebecca Orsi ◽  
Pang Ching Bobby Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Case Characteristics

Many children and youth with child protection services (CPS) involvement enter out-of-home care. The aims of this study were to examine rates of reentry and risk factors associated with reentry into out-of-home care among children and youth involved in the child protection (reported for abuse/neglect) and youth-in-conflict (reported for behavioral issues) programs. This study used administrative data from Colorado’s Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System, which contains information on all children and youth who enter Colorado’s CPS. Of the 14,461 children and youth in the child protection program and 2,353 children and youth in the youth-in-conflict program, 14.7% and 35.1%, respectively, reentered into out-of-home care. Families’ prior history of CPS involvement and current CPS case characteristics better explained reentry into out-of-home care than child and family demographic characteristics alone. Understanding risk factors associated with reentry into out-of-home care is critical to inform the prevention of child maltreatment recurrence and ensure the safety, permanency, and well-being of children and youth.

Criminal Justice Issues Among Homeless Veterans

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-138
Author(s):  
Jessica Blue-Howells ◽  
Christine Timko ◽  
Sean Clark ◽  
Andrea K. Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Chronic Homelessness ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Homeless Veterans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The Us

While there is not research that demonstrates that homelessness causes incarceration or that incarceration causes homelessness, there has long been an understanding that the two influence and create risk for one another. This chapter examines the prevalence of and risk factors for criminal justice involvement among homeless Veterans and the prevalence of and risk factors for homelessness among criminal justice–involved Veterans. The lack of shared definitions of homelessness and criminal justice involvement results in a wide range of prevalence estimates, few risk factors have been identified, and the cyclical nature and mechanisms explaining the link between homelessness and criminal justice involvement among Veterans is largely unknown. The US Department of Veterans Affairs currently has two programs designed to address treatment needs, including homelessness, among criminal justice–involved Veterans. As these programs expand and evolve, research is needed to fill our extensive knowledge gaps and develop programs and interventions to attenuate Veterans’ risks for chronic homelessness and criminal justice involvement.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Clive Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Children In Care

This chapter sets the context for the book, examining the increase in numbers of children in care and subject to a child protection plan in England and Wales, outcomes for children in care and an overview of the child protection system in England. This chapter reviews the literature available on this subject as I explore the background of the care and child protection systems in England and Wales. It will further examine how the outcomes for children in care can be related to education, employment, mental health, early parenthood, and the criminal justice system. Chapter 1 will also discuss the methodology used during this research, as well as ethical considerations and the familiarity problem that needed to be considered when carrying out this research.

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