scholarly journals Earlier Contact with Child Protection Services Among Children of Parents With Criminal Convictions and Mental Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755952093520
Author(s):  
Tyson Whitten ◽  
Kimberlie Dean ◽  
Rebecca Li ◽  
Kristin R. Laurens ◽  
Felicity Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Criminal Convictions ◽  
Mental Disorder Diagnosis

Parental history of offending and/or mental illness are risk factors for child maltreatment. However, limited research has directly contrasted the role of maternal versus paternal criminal offending or mental health problems in contributing to earlier contact with the child protection system. In this study we examined the relative contributions of these risk factors in relation to the time to the offspring’s first report to child protection services, or first placement in out of home care (OOHC), using administrative records for a population sample of 71,661 children. Prior paternal offending had a greater independent effect on time to the offspring’s first contact with child protection services (HR = 2.27 [95% CI = 2.14-2.40]) than maternal offending (HR = 1.75 [95% CI = 1.63 -1.87]) or maternal mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.66 [95% CI = 1.57 -1.77]). By contrast, prior maternal offending (HR = 2.58 [95% CI = 2.26-2.95]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 2.33 [95% CI = 2.05-2.63]) had a greater effect on earlier placement in OOHC, relative to prior paternal offending (HR = 1.59 [95% CI = 1.35 -1.88]) and mental disorder diagnosis (HR = 1.06 [95% CI = 0.94 -1.19]). These findings demonstrate the potential benefits of coordinated government responses across multiple agencies to identify vulnerable children and families who might benefit from early interventions or support services.

scholarly journals THE OVER-REPRESENTATION OF CHILDREN IN CARE IN THE YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: THEORY AND POLICY ISSUES

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Corrado ◽  
Lauren Freedman ◽  
Catherine Blatier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Children In Care

<span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Placement in child protection services, or becoming a child in care, is associated with a disproportionate involvement in youth and adult criminal justice systems. While there is not extensive research on this relationship, there is evidence that many children in care have risk profiles consistent with criminal justice involvement. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of exposure to risk factors related to mental health, education, and antisocial behaviour among children in care, in addition to risk factors that are distinctive to those placed in child protection services. A recent large cohort dataset from British Columbia, Canada, is utilized to examine these risk profiles. Recommendations to identify those involved in child protection services most at risk for criminal justice involvement, with the use of risk management instruments such as the Cracow Instrument, are discussed. In addition, several other important policy themes regarding diagnostic and case management challenges are explored.</span>

Child, Family, and Case Characteristics Associated With Reentry Into Out-of-Home Care Among Children and Youth Involved With Child Protection Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Brown ◽  
Rebecca Orsi ◽  
Pang Ching Bobby Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Out Of Home Care ◽  
Case Characteristics

Many children and youth with child protection services (CPS) involvement enter out-of-home care. The aims of this study were to examine rates of reentry and risk factors associated with reentry into out-of-home care among children and youth involved in the child protection (reported for abuse/neglect) and youth-in-conflict (reported for behavioral issues) programs. This study used administrative data from Colorado’s Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System, which contains information on all children and youth who enter Colorado’s CPS. Of the 14,461 children and youth in the child protection program and 2,353 children and youth in the youth-in-conflict program, 14.7% and 35.1%, respectively, reentered into out-of-home care. Families’ prior history of CPS involvement and current CPS case characteristics better explained reentry into out-of-home care than child and family demographic characteristics alone. Understanding risk factors associated with reentry into out-of-home care is critical to inform the prevention of child maltreatment recurrence and ensure the safety, permanency, and well-being of children and youth.

scholarly journals Lifespan risks of growing up in a family with mental illness or substance abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Clemens ◽  
Oliver Berthold ◽  
Andreas Witt ◽  
Cedric Sachser ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Growing Up

Abstract Growing up in a family with one member being affected by mental health problems or substance abuse is an adverse childhood experience which can lead to socioeconomic and health-related impairments in later life. Furthermore, the risk of child maltreatment is increased in affected families, which often adds to the individual risk factors. However, the interdependence between the particular risk factors is not well understood. To examine the correlation between mental health problems or substance abuse and child maltreatment within families and long term consequences for affected children, a cross sectional population representative survey in Germany (N = 2,531) has been conducted. The risk of child maltreatment was 5 to 5.6 times higher if mental illness and 4.9 to 6.9 times higher if substance abuse of a family member was reported. Furthermore, the risk of health problems, including obesity, decreased life satisfaction, lower income, low educational achievement, unemployment and living without a partner was increased if participants grew up in a family affected by mental health problems or substance abuse. All associations were mediated significantly by child maltreatment. These results point towards an urgent need for greater awareness for child protection issues in families affected by mental health problems or substance abuse.

scholarly journals Adult mental health services and the collaboration with child protection services

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Lauritzen ◽  
Charlotte Reedtz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Service Collaboration

Parental mental illness may increase the likelihood of neglect and abuse, and is also a potent risk factor in terms of offspring developing mental health problems themselves. Collaboration between the adult mental health services (AMHS) and the child protection services (CPS) has the potential of reducing risk for the children, by using family supporting interventions and making help available at an earlier stage. The aim of this study was to explore the collaboration between the CPS and the AMHS in terms of routines, attitudes and knowledge. Data was gathered using electronic survey questionnaires. Several barriers to inter-service collaboration were identified in this study. Even though adult mental health professionals were positive towards the CPS, they were reluctant to refer cases of concern. They also lacked knowledge about the CPS. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is an unresolved potential for inter-service collaboration involving the children of patients with mental health problems.

scholarly journals Familieverdier i spill: Ungdoms erfaringer med barneverntjenesten når mor eller far har rusproblemer eller alvorlig psykiske helseproblemer

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Astrid Halsa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Child Protection Services

This chapter reports on a qualitative study with 32 young people who grew up in families where there were substance use or serious mental health problems. The aim is to explore young people’s accounts of experiences with child protection services (CPS). The young people had for years been worried about their parents and experienced emotional abuse, stigma, secrecy, anxiety and role reversal. When they understood what was wrong with their parents, they worked hard to protect themselves and their families from unwanted intrusion from public services. They report a reluctance to disclose their situation, and a fear of being taken into care when they were in contact with CPS. To disclose meant the same as letting your parents down. All the families had been in contact with CPS, but the participants mostly had negative accounts of the services they and their families had received. These findings are discussed in light of the emotional and symbolic significance of family ties and embeddedness in family.

Evidence that the wider social environment moderates the association between familial liability and psychosis spectrum outcome

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Binbay ◽  
M. Drukker ◽  
K. Alptekin ◽  
H. Elbi ◽  
F. Aksu Tanık ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Full Spectrum

BackgroundFamilial liability to both severe and common mental disorder predicts psychotic disorder and psychotic symptoms, and may be used as a proxy in models examining interaction between genetic risk and the environment at individual and contextual levels.MethodIn a representative general population sample (n=4011) in Izmir, Turkey, the full spectrum of expression of psychosis representing (0) no symptoms, (1) subclinical psychotic experiences, (2) low-impact psychotic symptoms, (3) high-impact psychotic symptoms and (4) full-blown clinical psychotic disorder was assessed in relation to mental health problems in the family (proxy for familial liability) and the wider social environment. Quality of the wider social environment was assessed in an independent sample using contextual measures of informal social control, social disorganization, unemployment and low income, aggregated to the neighbourhood level.ResultsThe association between familial liability to severe mental illness and expression of psychosis spectrum was stronger in more deprived neighbourhoods [e.g. this association increased from β=0.33 (p=0.01) in low-unemployment neighbourhoods to β=0.92 (p<0.001) in high-unemployment neighbourhoods] and in neighbourhoods high in social control, while neighbourhood variables did not modify the association between familial liability to common mental disorder and the psychosis outcome. Neighbourhood variables mediated urbanicity effects.ConclusionsContextual effects may be important in moderating the expression of psychosis liability in populations, representing a specific pathway independent of the link between common mental disorder and psychosis.

scholarly journals Adolescent residential mobility, genetic liability and risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Paksarian ◽  
Betina B. Trabjerg ◽  
Kathleen R. Merikangas ◽  
Ole Mors ◽  
Anders D. Børglum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
History Of

BackgroundResidential mobility during upbringing, and especially adolescence, is associated with multiple negative mental health outcomes. However, whether associations are confounded by unmeasured familial factors, including genetic liability, is unclear.AimsWe used a population-based case–cohort study to assess whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression were associated with mobility from ages 10–14 years, and whether PRS and parental history of mental disorder together explained associations between mobility and each disorder.MethodInformation on cases (n = 4207 schizophrenia, n = 1402 bipolar disorder, n = 18 215 major depression) and a random population sample (n = 17 582), born 1981–1997, was linked between Danish civil and psychiatric registries. Genome-wide data were obtained from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank and PRSs were calculated based on results of separate, large meta-analyses.ResultsPRSs for schizophrenia and major depression were weakly associated with moving once (odds ratio 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.16; and odds ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.17, respectively), but not twice or three or more times. Mobility was positively associated with each disorder, with more moves associated with greater risk. Adjustment for PRS produced slight reductions in the magnitude of associations. Adjustment for PRS and parental history of mental disorder together reduced estimates by 5–11%. In fully adjusted models mobility was associated with all three disorders; hazard ratios ranged from 1.33 (95% CI 1.08–1.62; one move and bipolar disorder) to 3.05 (95% CI 1.92–4.86; three or more moves and bipolar disorder).ConclusionsAssociations of mobility with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression do not appear to be attributable to genetic liability as measured here. Potential familial confounding of mobility associations may be predominantly environmental in nature.

scholarly journals Homelessness and neglect: on the nature of the phenomena and the correlation between legal terms

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Suponina ◽  
Evgeniya Valerievna Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Scientific Cognition ◽  
Approaches To Study

The authors of the article carry out the normative and doctrinal analysis of the terms &ldquo;homelessness&rdquo; and &ldquo;neglect&rdquo;, and identify the reasons and conditions of these antisocial phenomena in Russian society.&nbsp; The research object is the legal and pedagogical aspects of the process of prevention of neglect and homelessness of minors and the activities of public authorities both in Russia and abroad. The research subject is the terms &ldquo;homelessness&rdquo; and &ldquo;neglect&rdquo; as legal terms. Special attention is given to the reasons of homelessness and neglect of juveniles, in the first place, biological and social orphanage. The research is based on the dialectical, formal-logical (dogmatical), historical-legal, systems, linguistic and some other methods of scientific cognition. The priority methods were the sociological and formal-legal methods and the method of comparative jurisprudence. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that based on the analysis of legal and essential roots of the two phenomena, the authors conclude that despite being formalized, they require fundamental review of the approaches to study and identification. It is necessary to transform the understanding of the model of juvenile behaviour which is connected with the recently changed basic scientific approaches in pedagogical psychology and social pedagogics. Taking into account the size of the problem of orphanage, the authors suggest aiming public social politics not only at the protection of rights of orphans and their adoption, but also at avoiding the cases of deprivation of parental care. The most active instrument in this context is the prevention of social orphanage by the child protection services which includes pedagogical, psychological, legal, social, educational and medical assistance to families with and without family disadvantages risk factors.&nbsp; &nbsp;

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