scholarly journals EXAMINING TESTS OF SIGMA AND BETA CONVERGENCE ACROSS STATES' FIREARM BACKGROUND CHECK RATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Alexi Thompson ◽  
David Yerger
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i2-i4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra K Crifasi ◽  
Molly Merrill-Francis ◽  
Daniel W Webster ◽  
Garen J Wintemute ◽  
Jon S Vernick

The effectiveness of laws depends on circumstances affecting their enforcement. To assess such circumstances for comprehensive background check (CBC) and straw purchase laws for firearm sales, we examined prosecutions for CBC and straw purchase violations in Pennsylvania and CBC violations in Maryland. We generated pre-post variables and conducted t-tests to assess differences in the mean number of prosecutions filed following changes to the legal environments. The annual number of prosecutions for straw purchase violations increased significantly in Pennsylvania following the passage of a law that strengthened penalties for these violations (difference in means = +1310.86, P=0.003). The annual number of prosecutions for CBC violations decreased significantly in Maryland following a court decision that narrowed the definition of a firearm transfer making enforcement more difficult (difference in means = −20.52, P=0.026). Our findings suggest enforcement is likely influenced by the penalties associated with violating these laws and the interpretation of the language of the laws.


Author(s):  
Nilendu Chatterjee ◽  
Soumyananda Dinda

The topic of growth and convergence is at the heart of a wide-ranging debate in the growth literature. The century long history of deprivation and backwardness of Jangalmahal area and four districts of it in the state of West Bengal—Purulia, Bankura, West Midnapore and parts of Birbhum—is also a well discussed issue. The dependency of the people on forest products to earn livelihoods is a natural phenomenon which, over the years, has resulted in considerable exploitation of forest resources. Through this chapter, we have made an attempt to see whether there exists any convergence, both absolute as well as conditional, in the total forest product of Jangalmahal and in the incomes earned from forest resources. We have seen the presence of Beta convergence, both conditional and absolute, in both tests of forest products as well as income from it. Sigma of forest income diverges instead of converge. Similar result is seen in case of timber.


2021 ◽  
pp. 235-280
Author(s):  
Anand ‘Andy’ Athanur ◽  
Mark Ingram ◽  
Michael A. Wellens
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Jones ◽  
R.R. Penkert ◽  
S.L. Surman ◽  
R.E. Sealy ◽  
S. Pelletier ◽  
...  

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