A Radio-Anatomic Profile of the Sphenoid Sinus, Vidian Canal and Foramen Rotundum Structured

Abstract Our study on the anatomical variation of pneumatisation of the sphenoid sinuses was performed on 200 tomographical studies, evaluating the anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinuses and the Onodi cells, the types of pneumatisation according with the types described by Hammer and Radberg, as well as the extensions of pneumatisation towards the anterior clinoid processes, pterygoid processes and sphenoidal wings; the frequency of intrasphenoidal protrusions and dehiscences of internal carotid artery, optic nerve, Vidian canal and foramen rotundum and the presence of primary and secondary septa attached to their canals.

Download Full-text

MICROSURGICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE VIDIAN CANAL

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000338945.54863.d9 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. ons385-ons412 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Shigeyuki Osawa ◽

Albert L. Rhoton ◽

Askin Seker ◽

Satoru Shimizu ◽

Kiyotaka Fujii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cavernous Sinus ◽

Sphenoid Sinus ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Pterygopalatine Fossa ◽

Sphenoid Bone ◽

Petrous Apex ◽

Maxillary Artery ◽

Medial Part ◽

Vidian Nerve ◽

Vidian Canal

Abstract OBJECTIVE The vidian canal, the conduit through the sphenoid bone for the vidian nerve and artery, has become an important landmark in surgical approaches to the cranial base. The objective of this study was to examine the anatomic features of the vidian canal, nerve, and artery, as well as the clinical implications of our findings. METHODS Ten adult cadaveric specimens and 10 dried skulls provided 40 vidian canals for examination with ×3 to ×20 magnification and the endoscope. RESULTS The paired vidian canals are located in the skull base along the line of fusion of the pterygoid process and body of the sphenoid bone. The canal opens anteriorly into the medial part of the pterygopalatine fossa and posteriorly at the upper part of the anterolateral edge of the foramen lacerum. The vidian nerve, when followed posteriorly, reaches the lateral surface of the anterior genu of the petrous carotid and the anteromedial part of the cavernous sinus where the nerve is continuous with the greater petrosal nerve. The bone surrounding the upper part of 12 of 20 vidian canals protruded into the floor of the sphenoid sinus and one canal had a bony dehiscence that exposed its contents under the sinus mucosa. Nine petrous carotid arteries (45%) gave rise to a vidian artery, all of which anastomosed with the vidian branch of the maxillary artery in the vidian canal or pterygopalatine fossa. The vidian canal can be exposed by opening the floor of the sphenoid sinus, the posterior wall of the maxillary, the posterior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and the medial part of the floor of the middle fossa. CONCLUSION The vidian canal and nerve are important landmarks in accessing the anterior genu of the petrous carotid, anteromedial part of the cavernous sinus, and petrous apex.

Download Full-text

Study of the pterigidal canal (vidian canal) through images of cone beam computer tomography.

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2020.v23i3.1966 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Fernanda Fritoli Marcondes Santana ◽

Marcos Paulo Motta Silveira ◽

Pedro Jacy Santos Diamantino ◽

Karolina Aparecida Castilho Fardim ◽

Luiz Roberto Coutinho Manhães Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Close Contact ◽

Close Relation ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Inferior Wall ◽

Mean Values ◽

Vidian Canal ◽

Foramen Rotundum ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pterygoid canal (PC) by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), establishing its configuration and proximity with anatomical structures. Material and Methods: We evaluated 398 CBCT exams, all from a public University radiology clinic archive. Four parameters were evaluated: single or double PC, distance between PC and the inferior part of the sphenoid sinus (SS), ratio of PC and SS and the distance between the PC and the foramen rotundum. Results: It was observed that most of the PC of the sample presented simple morphology, the most frequent type of relationship between the PC and the SS on both sides was the close contact with the wall. Among the cases that there were some distances between the PC and the inferior wall of the SS, the mean of this distance did not exceed 3.20 mm, being the left side (3.03 mm) slightly closer than the right (3.20 mm). Finally, the distances between the PC and the corresponding Foramen Rotundum are presented with mean values of 5.87 mm for the right side and 6.31 mm for the left side. Conclusion: CBCT examination is of paramount importance for PC identification; once in the studied sample, the mean values found evidence the close relation between the PC and the SS.KeywordsCone beam computed tomography; Endonasal approach; Vidian canal.

Download Full-text

The measurement indexes and the relationships with adjacent structures of vidian canal and foramen rotundum using computed tomography

Journal of Anatomical Society of India ◽

10.4103/jasi.jasi_56_20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Gozde Serindere ◽

Kaan Gunduz ◽

Hakan Avsever

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Adjacent Structures ◽

Vidian Canal ◽

Foramen Rotundum

Download Full-text

Is There a Relationship Between Optic Canal, Foramen Rotundum, and Vidian Canal?

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery ◽

10.1097/scs.0000000000001597 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1382-1388 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mikail Inal ◽

Nuray Bayar Muluk ◽

Osman Kürşat Arikan ◽

Safa Şahin

Keyword(s):

Optic Canal ◽

Vidian Canal ◽

Foramen Rotundum

Download Full-text

Anatomical variation of the sphenoid sinus in paediatric patients and its association with age and chronic rhinosinusitis

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215119000653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 (06) ◽

pp. 482-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H Odat ◽

D Almardeeni ◽

M Tanash ◽

M Al-Qudah

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Sphenoid Sinus ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Endoscopic Surgical Procedure ◽

Structure Variation ◽

Paediatric Patients ◽

Onodi Cell ◽

Vidian Canal

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prevalence of different anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus and its related structures among paediatric patients with or without chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodsComputed tomography scans of 50 paediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were reviewed and compared to 50 scans of paediatric patients without chronic rhinosinusitis. The type of sphenoid sinus pneumatisation and the surrounding structures were thoroughly analysed. The patients were divided into three groups according to age.ResultsMean age was 10.9 years (range, 4–16 years). The sellar configuration was the commonest in all groups, while the conchal type was the least common. There were significant differences between paediatric patients with or without sinusitis in: sphenoid sinus pneumatisation type, vidian canal type and Onodi cell presence. In addition, there were significant differences between age groups in: sphenoid sinus pneumatisation type, single sinus septum and multiple septa presence, and internal carotid artery bulging.ConclusionAge and sinusitis have a significant impact on sphenoid pneumatisation type and surrounding structure variation. Recognition of these variations can be useful for mapping this region, and enables a safer and more efficient endoscopic surgical procedure.

Download Full-text

Endoscopic Anatomy of the Pterygopalatine Fossa

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.2500/ajr.2007.21.3085 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 644-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Seth J. Isaacs ◽

Parul Goyal

Keyword(s):

Pterygopalatine Fossa ◽

Maxillary Artery ◽

Internal Maxillary Artery ◽

Sphenopalatine Foramen ◽

Neoplastic Processes ◽

Patient Morbidity ◽

Infraorbital Canal ◽

Vidian Canal ◽

Foramen Rotundum ◽

Neurovascular Structures

Background The pterygopalatine fossa can be involved with a variety of infectious and neoplastic processes. This region can be entered endoscopically, but endoscopic landmarks to localize the neurovascular structures in the pterygopalatine fossa have not yet been reported. Objectives The purpose of this study is to describe the location of the neurovascular structures in the pterygopalatine fossa in relation to consistent intranasal landmarks. Methods Endoscopic dissections of cadaveric heads were performed. The locations of neurovascular structures in the region were defined. Results The sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) served as the primary intranasal landmark to the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). Mean distances from the SPF were measured with the following results: SPF to sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), 4 mm medially and 6 mm laterally; SPF to foramen rotundum (FR), 7 mm; and SPF to vidian canal (VC), 2 mm. The internal maxillary artery followed an irregular and inconsistent course, making it difficult to define a reliable landmark for its location in the fossa. Conclusion Entering the PPF inferior to the horizontal plane of the SPF along a vertical line drawn inferiorly from the infraorbital canal will avoid injury to the major neural structures in the fossa. Because of the inconsistent course and location of the internal maxillary artery, this structure may be at risk no matter where the fossa is entered. These landmarks will allow the surgeon to enter the PPF with more accuracy and less patient morbidity.

Download Full-text

Vidian canal and sphenoid sinus: an MDCT and cadaveric study of useful landmarks in skull base surgery

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy ◽

10.1007/s00276-019-02414-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 589-601

Author(s):

Georgia Papavasileiou ◽

Jiannis Hajiioannou ◽

Eutixia Kapsalaki ◽

Ioannis Bizakis ◽

Ioannis Fezoulidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skull Base ◽

Sphenoid Sinus ◽

Skull Base Surgery ◽

Cadaveric Study ◽

Vidian Canal

Download Full-text

Vidian Canal as a Transcranial Landmark: Anatomy, Technique, and Illustrative Cases

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735589 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaochun Zhao ◽

Daniel M. McKenzie ◽

Panayiotis E. Pelargos ◽

Ali H. Palejwala ◽

Ian F. Dunn

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Surgical Approach ◽

Sphenoid Sinus ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

The Other ◽

Cadaver Dissection ◽

Cadaveric Dissection ◽

Vidian Nerve ◽

Tumor Delivery ◽

Vidian Canal

Abstract Objective The vidian nerve can be accessed in transcranial approaches in carefully selected patients to ensure its preservation and to serve as a landmark for sphenoid sinus entry. This report is to review a technique, evaluate it in laboratory settings, and present two illustrative cases. Design The study involves cadaveric dissection and illustrative cases. Setting The study conducted in a cadaveric dissection laboratory. Participants The object of the study is one cadaveric head and two illustrative clinical cases. Main Outcome Measures Two cases using this approach were illustrated, and a cadaver dissection was performed in a step-by-step fashion. Results: The vidian canal can be accessed by drilling the anterolateral triangle. Two illustrated cases were presented; in one, the vidian nerve was used as part of a corridor to access the sphenoid sinus for tumor delivery, and in the other, the technique was used to find and preserve the vidian nerve during transcranial resection. Conclusion Careful identification of the vidian canal in transcranial surgery is a beneficial technique in carefully selected cases which allows identification of the nerve both for its preservation in selected cases and to create the vidian–maxillary corridor for tumor resection. Knowing the anatomy and pneumatization variants is important in the surgical approach.

Download Full-text