scholarly journals The use of a risk‐orientated approach in comprehensive assessment of natural and technogenic emergency situations in the Kashirsky Municipal District of the Voronezh Region, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
T. V. Ovchinnikova ◽  
N. D. Razinkov ◽  
P. S. Kuprienko ◽  
T. V. Ashikhmina ◽  
A. V. Shmygol ◽  
...  
2018 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
В.В. КРУГЛЯК ◽  
Е.И. ГУРЬЕВА

Зеленые насаждения санаторных парков (Воронежская область) закладывались в предвоенные годы на основе дворянских усадеб. В настоящее время они на 60% представлены искусственными насаждениями. Характеризуются усилением деградации, снижением санитарно-гигиенических, декоративных и рекреационных функций и нуждаются в реновации. Актуальность темы обусловлена острой необходимостью улучшения функционирования санаторных парковых территорий в современных условиях путем обогащения ассортимента с обоснованием их пространственного размещения и ландшафтно-эстетической ценности. Цель исследований – обоснование мероприятий по реновации и оптимизации зеленых насаждений санаторных парков на основе их комплексной оценки в современных условиях. Выявлено, что повторение засушливых лет, урбоэкологические условия санаторных парков лимитируют эффективное функционирование зеленых насаждений. Наибольший процент насаждений относится ко второму и третьему классам устойчивости. Здоровые деревья во втором классе составляют от 71 до 90 %. В зеленых насаждениях третьего класса устойчивости наблюдаются процессы деградации, обусловленные возрастными категориями. На основе инвентаризации установлено, что площадь зеленых насаждений искусственного и естественного происхождения санаториев Воронежской области значительно варьирует. Зеленые насаждения искусственного происхождения произрастают в санатории им. Горького (площадь 9,6 га; возраст до 88 лет). Лесные массивы естественного происхождения в санаториях им. Дзержинского, «Углянец», им. Цюрупы, дом отдыха «Петровский» составляют от 45,4 до 66,8 % парковых территорий. Доля участия лиственных древесные видов составляет около 70%. На территориях санатория им. Дзержинского и дома отдыха «Петровский» лесопарковые ландшафты включают лесные массивы с преобладанием Quercus robur (9Д1Кл). Для лесопарков санаториев лесостепной зоны отмечена общая тенденция сокращения объема крон в связи с ухудшением состояния растительности, обусловленные возрастом. (24376000 м3 – 97985110 м3). Для усиления рекреационного эффекта требуется значительно увеличить долю участия  декоративных кустарников. В общем объеме, занимаемом кронами растений в настоящее время она незначительна – менее 1 %. Рекомендовано вводить в зеленые насаждения кустарники для оптимизации пространственной структуры и повышения ландшафтно-эстетической привлекательности санаторных парков. Так как преобладание закрытых пространств в существующих насаждениях санаториев (более 50 %) приводит к монотонности в композиционном построении. Наличие системы открытых (7-25), полуоткрытых (32-47%) приведет к формированию соответствующих целям рекреации и функциям насаждений. Для соответствия функциям лечебно- оздоровительного учреждения с учетом нормативных документов предусмотрено увеличение площадей (на 20%) зоны тихого отдыха. На основе комплексной оценки зеленых насаждений санаториев, с учетом видового разнообразия и типов посадок разработана классификация пространственной организации. Определен санитарно-гигиенический и рекреационный потенциал, принципы подбора и ассортимент декоративных деревьев и кустарников для реновации санаторных парков в лесостепной зоне. Установлен регламент мероприятий при реконструкции зеленых насаждений парковых территорий лечебно-оздоровительных учреждений. Green plantations of sanatorium parks (Voronezh region) were laid in the pre-war years on the basis of noble estates. Currently, they are 60% represented by artificial plantations. Characterized by increased degradation, reduction of sanitary, decorative and recreational functions and need renovation. The relevance of the topic is due to the urgent need to improve the functioning of sanatorium Park areas in modern conditions by enriching the range with the justification of their spatial location and landscape and aesthetic value. The purpose of the research is to substantiate measures for the renovation and optimization of green spaces of sanatorium parks on the basis of their comprehensive assessment in modern conditions. It is revealed that the repetition of dry years, urban ecological conditions of sanatorium parks limit the effective functioning of green spaces. The highest percentage of plantings belongs to the second and third classes of stability. Healthy trees in the second class are from 71 to 90%. In the green spaces of the third class of sustainability there are processes of degradation due to age categories. On the basis of the inventory it was found that the area of green spaces of artificial and natural origin of health resorts of the Voronezh region varies significantly. Green plantations of artificial origin grow in the sanatorium. Gorky (area of 9.6 hectares; age up to 88 years). Forests of natural origin in sanatoria. Dzerzhinsky, "Uglyanets", them. Tsyurupy, the rest house "Petrovsky" make from 45,4 to 66,8% of Park territories. The share of participation of deciduous tree species is about 70%. On the territories of the sanatorium. Dzerzhinsky and the rest house "Petrovsky" forested landscapes include forests with predominance of Quercus robur (9Д1Кл). For the forest parks of the health resorts of the forest-steppe zone the General tendency of reduction of volume of crowns in connection with deterioration of the condition of vegetation caused by age is noted. (24376000 m3 – 97985110 m3). To enhance the recreational effect requires a significant increase in the share of decorative shrubs. In the total volume occupied by the canopy of plants at the present time it is insignificant – less than 1 %. It is recommended to introduce bushes into green plantings to optimize the spatial structure and increase the landscape and aesthetic attractiveness of sanatorium parks. Since the predominance of enclosed spaces in existing plantations of health resorts (more than 50 %) leads to monotony in the composition. The system of open (7-25), half-open (32-47%) will lead to the formation of appropriate recreational purposes and functions of plantations. To comply with the functions of the medical and health institution, taking into account regulatory documents, an increase in the area (by 20%) of the quiet recreation area is provided. On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of green areas of health resorts, taking into account the species diversity and types of landings, the classification of spatial organization is developed. The sanitary-hygienic and recreational potential, principles of selection and the range of decorative trees and bushes for renovation of sanatorium parks in the forest-steppe zone are defined. The rules of measures for the reconstruction of green spaces of Park areas of medical and health institutions are established.


Author(s):  
S. K. Udovichenko ◽  
A. V. Toporkov ◽  
I. G. Karnaukhov ◽  
V. A. Safronov ◽  
O. V. Kedrova ◽  
...  

Mass gatherings (MGs) always incur some kind of potential hazard associated with incipiency of emergency situations with sanitary-epidemiological bias (ES). Upcoming Universiade (World Student Games) in Kazan (July, 2013) raises an issue of implementation of a unified system of approaches to the effective provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, taking due account of peculiarities and specific conditions under which the MG will be conducted. Therewith key objective of this study has been formulated as elaboration of the system based on epidemiological assessment of real and potential threats at the MG. Analyzed have been the data on 37 MGs carried out over the period of 25 years since 1987 up to 2012; investigated is epidemiological situation in 170 participating states. Worked out is a scheme of qualitative determination of potential epidemiological threat on the basis of comprehensive assessment of epidemiological risks in the endemic territories of the troubled regions. Distinguished is a complex of measures for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare when managing the Universiade in Kazan heedful of high potential epidemiological hazard of this event.


VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bürger ◽  
Meyer ◽  
Tautenhahn ◽  
Halloul

Background: Objective evaluation of the management of patients with ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysm in emergency situations has been described rarely. Patients and methods: Fifty-two consecutive patients with ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysm (mean age, 70.3 years; range, 56–89 years; SD 7.8) were admitted between January 1993 and March 1998. Emergency protocols, final reports, and follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively. APACHE II scores at admission and fifth postoperative day were assessed. Results: The time between the appearance of first symptoms and the referral of patients to the hospital was more than 5 hours in 37 patients (71%). Thirty-eight patients (71%) had signs of shock at time of admission. Ultrasound was performed in 81% of patients as the first diagnostic procedure. The most frequent site of aortic rupture was the left retroperitoneum (87%). Intraoperatively, acute left ventricular failure occurred in four patients, and cardiac arrest in two others. The postoperative course was complicated significantly in 34 patients. The overall mortality rate was 36.5% (n = 19). In 35 patients, APACHE II score was assessed, showing a probability of death of more than 40% in five patients and lower than 30% in 17 others. No patient showing probability of death of above 75% at the fifth postoperative day survived (n = 7). Conclusions: Ruptured aortic aneurysm demands surgical intervention. Clinical outcome is also influenced by preclinical and anesthetic management. The severity of disease as well as the patient’s prognosis can be approximated using APACHE II score. Treatment results of heterogenous patient groups can be compared.


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