Dynamics of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in the Voronezh region

INTRODUCTION: The mortality rate of the population from diseases of the circulatory system is one of the most pressing problems in the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation and its regions. Since mortality from diseases of the circulatory system ranks first among all causes of mortality in the population, this problem needs special attention and measures addressed to them. AIM: Conduct a comparative analysis of indicators of the level, structure and dynamics of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system of the population of the Voronezh region for 2010–2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this article analytical and statistical research methods were used. RESULTS: The features of the dynamics of the mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system in the Voronezh region from 2010 to 2019 have been revealed: there is a positive steady downward trend, including mortality from diseases of the circulatory system at working age, by 18.2%; the leading place in the structure of the causes belongs to diseases of the circulatory system (42.5% and 37.4% for the working age); in the structure of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system, persons over 60 years of age prevale (63.3%), the involvement people under the working age is insignificant and amounts to 7%, the total amount of women younger than the working age and working age is 1.5 times less than in corresponding groups in men, respectively, 28.8% and 42.7% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Comparative analysis of indicators of the level, structure and dynamics of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in population of the Voronezh region for 2010–2019 allowed revealing a stable positive trend of a decrease of mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system.

Implementation of Eco-Industrial Park for Effectual Establishment of Circular Economy in Russia

In recent years, waste management has become a major concern in Russian cities. This can be addressed through the circular economy. Developing Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP) can be considered an innovative infrastructure of a circular economy. EIP is based upon the principles of industrial symbiosis involving the exchange of material and energy flows, sharing of infrastructural facilities, and provision of municipal utility and other services. Researchers have found that most industrial symbiotic interconnections originated spontaneously, the main driver being the increasing commercial benefits of such interchange. Still, the authors were able to identify pre-designed EIP through their examination of global practices. This paper proposes a five-stage methodological approach to EIP organization. This methodology was applied to create a model of an EIP in the Voronezh Region, one of the fastest developing regions in Russia. Implementation of this model is intended to help solve a set of environmental, economic, and social problems of a region. The approach to creating EIPs described in this study can be used in other places to improve resource efficiency and reduce waste disposal. Because Russia’s garbage disposal rate currently exceeds 90% per year, this is one of the country’s top sustainable development priorities.

Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic with medicinal herbal raw material of common shovel harvested in Voronezh region

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the contamination with heavy metals of medicinal plant raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of the roots of ordinary burdock, prepared in urbo- and agro-ecosystems, which have various anthropogenic effects on themselves. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic in 51 samples of raw materials was studied. By comparing the heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the roots of the bladder, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the roots of the bladder, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. At the same time, this type of medicinal vegetal raw material is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals included in the active centers of enzyme systems (copper and zinc). Thus, for an ordinary bladder under conditions of anthropogenic load, an edaphotype is formed, which is as a result of selection in conditions of anthropogenic pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions.

THE ENEOLITHIC KURGAN IN THE SOUTH OF THE VORONEZH REGION

Статья вводит в научный оборот материалы погребений эпохи энеолита, происходящие из кургана, расположенного на Среднем Дону (Воронежская область). Обнаруженный в кургане инвентарь (керамика с примесью раковины, подвески из зубов оленя, наконечники стрел и орудия из кремня, металлические пронизки) в совокупности с абсолютными датировками указывает на энеолитическую принадлежность публикуемого комплекса (втор. пол. V тыс. до н. э.). Спорово-пыльцевой анализ погребенной почвы под курганом свидетельствует о кратковременном похолодании и повышенной увлажненности в период сооружения кургана. The paper introduces into scientific discourse materials from Eneolithic burials in a kurgan located on the Middle Don (Voronezh region). Funerary offerings discovered in the kurgan (ceramics with crushed shells admixture, pendants made from deer teeth, arrowheads and flint tools, metal tubular beads) along with the absolute dates obtained demonstrate that this assemblage dates to the Eneolithic (second half of V mill. BC). The pollen analysis of the buried soil under the kurgan reveals short-term cooling and a high moisture level at the time when the kurgan was erected.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW MODEL OF A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION PROVIDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN CHILDREN'S STRUCTURAL UNITS

Вопросы улучшения оказания первичной медико-санитарной помощи детскому населению всегда выступали в качестве приоритетных при оптимизации деятельности службы охраны материнства и детства и вызывали особое внимание организаторов здравоохранения. Одним из значимых решений по повышению качества оказания медико-санитарной помощи, в том числе и детям, является проект по реализации «Новой модели медицинской организации, оказывающей первичную медико-санитарную помощь» в детских структурных подразделениях. Одной из основных задач педиатрической службы Воронежской области является реализация мероприятий региональной программы «Развитие детского здравоохранения Воронежской области, включая создание современной инфраструктуры оказания медицинской помощи детям», которой предусмотрено достижение целевых показателей и выполнение определённых задач. В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы организации деятельности педиатрической службы Воронежской области в плане реализации новой модели медицинской организации, оказывающей первичную медико-санитарную помощь в детских структурных подразделениях. Определяются направления развития детского здравоохранения, включая создание современной инфраструктуры оказания медицинской помощи детям. Приводятся данные по достижению в детских поликлиниках и детских поликлинических отделениях Воронежской области организационно-планировочных решений внутренних пространств, создание условий для внедрения принципов бережливого производства и комфортного пребывания детей и их родителей при оказании первичной медико-санитарной помощи, с акцентом на воплощении идей оптимизации первичной медико-санитарной помощи путем использования принципов и методов бережливого производства в части реализации регионального проекта «Развитие системы оказания первичной медико-санитарной помощи» Нацпроекта «Здравоохранение» в рамках создания и тиражирования «Новой модели медицинской организации, оказывающей первичную медико-санитарную помощь» The issues of improving the provision of primary health care to the children's population have always been a priority in optimizing the activities of the maternal and child health care service and have caused special attention of health care organizers. One of the significant decisions to improve the quality of health care, including for children, is the project to implement the "New model of a medical organization providing primary health care" in children's structural units. One of the main tasks of the pediatric service of the Voronezh region is the implementation of the activities of the regional program "Development of children's health care of the Voronezh region, including the creation of a modern infrastructure for the provision of medical care to children", which provides for the achievement of targets and the implementation of certain tasks. The article deals with the organization of the activities of the pediatric service of the Voronezh region in terms of implementing a new model of a medical organization that provides primary health care in children's structural units. The directions of development of children's health care, including the creation of a modern infrastructure for the provision of medical care to children, are determined. The data on the achievement in children's polyclinics and children's polyclinic departments of the Voronezh region of organizational and planning solutions of internal spaces, the creation of conditions for the introduction of the principles of lean production and a comfortable stay of children and their parents in the provision of primary health care, with an emphasis on the implementation of ideas for optimizing primary health care through the use of principles and methods of lean production in terms of implementation regional project "Development of the system of primary health care" of the National Project "Healthcare" in the framework of the creation and replication of the "New model of a medical organization providing primary health care"

Socio-economic status and lifestyle of female greenhouse workers

The aim of the study was to assess the socio-economic factors and some components of the lifestyle of female workers in greenhouse farms in the Voronezh region for the period 2018-2019. Materials and methods. The research material was the results of a questionnaire survey of 451 female worker of agricultural enterprises in the Voronezh region. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. The study showed female workers in greenhouse farms in the area in most cases had a low level of income (less than 8 thousand roubles/family member), only 60.31% of female workers had good living conditions. Most of the female workers (79.82%) had specialized secondary education. Characteristics of the marital status of greenhouse workers in the studied production groups showed that only half of the workers were officially married (55.21%). Informal relationships and divorces were found much more often in vegetable and mushroom female growers. A registered marriage was seen less frequently than in the control group. The income level of fewer than 8 thousand rubles per family member was of decisive importance for the possibility of marriage. It was also associated with a low level of quality of relations between partners. According to the survey, the majority of female workers had good family relations (71.62%). Inappropriate and awful relationships were observed only in families with less than 8 thousand rubles per capita income, and excellent - only at a higher income level. The majority of the surveyed women was found to have bad habits: 88.16 - 90.74% of women indicated alcohol consumption, without significant differences between the studied groups; significantly more often smoking cigarettes was observed among vegetable and mushroom growers in comparison with the control group - 34.29% and 28.57%, respectively, versus 13.89%. Conclusion. The determining factors of the quality of life were the levels of per capita income and education, which influence all aspects of the lifestyle, including bad habits.

Institutional control of the financial and business operations of state institutions: practical data in the area of public healthcare and trends in its development

Subject. The organisational and methodological aspects of the institutional control of financial and business operations and other types of institutional control carried out by executive authorities in relation to their subordinate institutions. Purpose. The study aims to determine the position of the institutional control of financial and business operations within the system of financial control of the Russian Federation, to study the existing organisational models of certain types of institutional control using the example of the public healthcare system of the Voronezh Region, to identify issues of concern, and to offer possible solutions. Method. The study used data from the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation and the budgets of state extra-budgetary funds of the Russian Federation for 2020, the consolidated budget of state medical organisations of the Voronezh Region, and other financial indicators of the healthcare system in the Voronezh Region for the same period. The methods of the investigation included analysis, observation, generalisation, comparison, grouping, classification, etc. Results. The organisational structure of control (supervision) in the field of healthcare and the financial control of the public healthcare sector was developed and the powers and functions of the executive authorities were investigated. The analysis of the main types of control revealed a relationship between external and internal control as elements of a unified system. The paper provides examples of typical violations identified as a result of the institutional control of state medical organisations in the Voronezh Region. Conclusions. The hypothesis was confirmed that it is necessary to implement institutional control of the financial and business operations as part of the system of state (municipal) management by using financial control tools with due consideration for industry specifics.

Accumulation of Reducing Sugars by Small-leaved Linden Flowers (Tilia cordata Miller, 1768) in the Voronezh Region of Russia

Introduction. Small-leaved linden flowers are mainly used for aquatic extracts, and their pharmacological benefit is based on water-soluble polysaccharides.Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of accumulating all reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers, collected in agro- and urbo-cenoses of the Voronezh region.Materials and methods. 51 sites were selected for collecting flowers from the small-leaved linden, which is a widespread deciduous tree species in Russia. In order to determine the total level of reducing sugars in the samples, we measured glucose levels using the method described in Pharmacopeia article "Linden Flower". Correlation coefficients were analyzed to examine in detail the effect of the major pollutants (heavy metals and arsenic) on the accumulation of reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers.Results and discussion. All analyzed samples of medicinal plant raw materials were benign in terms of their reducing sugar levels. Samples collected in control (protected) areas contained reducing sugar levels 13.31 to 16.89 %, which is 6–8 times more than the lower numerical value established by the Pharmacopoeia article. In the agrocenoses of the region, the concentration of reducing sugars varied from 6.12 to 16.68 %, which is 3–8 times more than the value given in the Pharmacopoeia article. In the urbocenoses of the region, a lower level of reducing sugars was found compared to samples from protected areas (2.35–13.49 %). Correlation coefficients showed a noticeable negative impact of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc, as well as a moderate negative effect of lead and mercury on the accumulation of reducing sugars in the small-leaved linden flowers.Conclusion. The lowest concentrations of reducing sugars were detected in samples harvested along the streets of large cities in the region, and along highways, roads and railways. This suggests that anthropogenic factors might negatively impact the accumulation of reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers in these areas. At the same time, it is possible that saccharide complexes might have reacted with heavy metals instead of the complexing agent when levels of reducing sugars in the samples were quantitatively determined. This would have the effect of underrepresenting reducing sugar levels in the raw materials.