Variation in Size and Lipid Content of Adult Southern Pine Beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Relation to Season

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Coppedge ◽  
F. M. Stephen ◽  
G. W. Felton
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
Tree Characteristics

Variations in size, weight, and lipid content of brood adult southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, were investigated using a spectrophotometric technique to determine total lipid content of individual beetles. Large seasonal variations in these parameters were found with significant differences occurring between months and years. Patterns of variation, however, were not consistent with those reported in previous studies, leading to the conclusion that these variations do not have regular seasonal patterns. Variations in beetle measurements were not related to tree characteristics. Female beetles, on average, were heavier and contained more lipid than male beetles. The spectrophotometric technique used improves on a similar technique recently reported. The technique allowed more extensive measurements, including total lipid content, dry weight, and percent lipid content, to be taken on individual beetles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of General-Use Insecticides for Preventing Host Colonization by New Jersey Southern Pine Beetles

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Strom ◽  
W.K. Oldland ◽  
J.R. Meeker ◽  
J. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

Four general-use insecticides (AstroR, OnyxR, DominionR Tree & Shrub, and Xytect 2FR) were evaluated for their effectiveness at preventing attacks by the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis) and the small southern pine engraver (Ips avulsus) using a previously developed small-bolt method. Evaluations were conducted between 58 and 126 days post treatment. Southern pine beetles from New Jersey and Mississippi, U.S., were evaluated using a mixture of field and laboratory small-bolt trials; beetle origin did not appear to affect results. Astro and Onyx bole sprays were effective at reducing or eliminating attack by SPB, while the imidacloprid soil drench products (Dominion and Xytect) were ineffective. With I. avulsus in Louisiana, U.S., Astro was effective at reducing bole utilization at 58 and 83 days posttreatment but failed at 126 days. Onyx, Dominion, and Xytect were ineffective against I. avulsus in these tests. Imidacloprid phloem residues averaged 0.74 (μg/g phloem dry weight) for Dominion and 1.31 for Xytect, values that are similar to other studies but low for purposes of control. These results support previous findings that systemic imidacloprid is ineffective for protecting pines against Dendroctonus bark beetles and that bole sprays with bifenthrin or permethrin can be effective. However, permethrin was the only active ingredient that was effective against I. avulsus in the current study.

VARIATION IN FEMALE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE SIZE AND LIPID CONTENT IN RELATION TO FUNGAL ASSOCIATES

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R. Coppedge ◽  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Gary W. Felton
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

AbstractFemale southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, may propagate two species of symbiotic fungi in a prothoracic mycangium. Females can carry either Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus Bridges and Perry or an unnamed basidiomycete or both; some carry no fungi. Thus, females can be categorized into one of four groups based on mycangial content. We examined size and lipid content of emerging brood adult females based on these mycangial fungal classes. Female beetles carrying the basidiomycete, either alone or in combination with C. ranaculosus, were larger, heavier, and contained more lipid than did females carrying only C. ranaculosus. Size and lipid content also varied by season, as did the number of females carrying different fungal combinations. Regression analysis showed that variation in the occurrence of the basidiomycete was significantly related to variation in averages of beetle size and lipid content measurements.

scholarly journals Retention Time in Three Nursery Container Volumes Impacts Root Architecture

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Gilman ◽  
Maria Paz ◽  
Chris Harchick
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

Four general-use insecticides (Astro®, Onyx®, Dominion® Tree & Shrub, and Xytect 2F®) were evaluated for their effectiveness at preventing attacks by the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis) and the small southern pine engraver (Ips avulsus) using a previously developed small-bolt method. Evaluations were conducted between 58 and 126 days post treatment. Southern pine beetles from New Jersey and Mississippi, U.S., were evaluated using a mixture of field and laboratory small-bolt trials; beetle origin did not appear to affect results. Astro and Onyx bole sprays were effective at reducing or eliminating attack by SPB, while the imidacloprid soil drench products (Dominion and Xytect) were ineffective. With I. avulsus in Louisiana, U.S., Astro was effective at reducing bole utilization at 58 and 83 days posttreatment but failed at 126 days. Onyx, Dominion, and Xytect were ineffective against I. avulsus in these tests. Imidacloprid phloem residues averaged 0.74 (μg/g phloem dry weight) for Dominion and 1.31 for Xytect, values that are similar to other studies but low for purposes of control. These results support previous findings that systemic imidacloprid is ineffective for protecting pines against Dendroctonus bark beetles and that bole sprays with bifenthrin or permethrin can be effective. However, permethrin was the only active ingredient that was effective against I. avulsus in the current study.

Temporal Relationship Between Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Pinewood Nematode Infestations in Southern Pines

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn ◽  
M. J. Linit
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

The incidence of feeding scars of the cerambycid vectors of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickel) on twigs of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pines in central Louisiana was determined. Feeding scars on twigs taken from pines felled at random were compared to those on twigs taken from pines adjacent to southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) infestations. Additionally, the presence of pinewood nematode in trees attacked by southern pine beetle was followed through the course of beetle development. Significantly more cerambycid feeding scars were present on twigs of trees located near the advancing edge of a southern pine beetle infestation than on twigs not adjacent or near any known southern pine beetle infestation. From 82 to 100% of the trees sampled adjacent to bark beetle infestations had been fed upon by cerambycids. Pinewood nematodes were recovered from 79% of these trees. The incidence of nematodes in the boles of trees attacked by southern pine beetles increased as immature beetles entered their later instars. The highest incidence of nematodes was from trees recently vacated by southern pine beetles. Trees killed by the southern pine beetle may thus serve as reservoirs for the pinewood nematode and its cerambycid vectors and lead to the infestation of adjacent trees and facilitate subsequent SPB colonization.

Examination of Midgut Proteinases of the Adult Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Coppedge ◽  
J. M. Jones ◽  
G. W. Felton ◽  
F. M. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

The midgut of adult southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), contains digestive enzymes with optimal proteolytic activity in vitro near pH 7. General proteinase activity was significantly inhibited by serine and cysteine proteinase class inhibitors, while limited activation by cysteine proteinase class activators was apparent. These results indicate that both cysteine and serine proteinases are present in the adult midgut. The presence of both proteinase classes in adult southern pine beetles coincides with previous studies showing widespread occurrence of these two classes of proteinases as digestive enzymes in midguts of other coleopteran species, but represents one of few beetle species known to possess both proteinase classes simultaneously.

PHORETIC CARRYING CAPACITY OF FLYING SOUTHERN PINE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
Intended Destination

Mites do not have wings, but in their course of evolution many species have developed an association with insects, using them as a vehicle of distribution. Occasionally they cover the host so completely that the insect cannot fly. The literature is replete with these observations. Except for a single speculation (Fronk 1947), there are no reports as to how many mites Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman can support and still fly to its intended destination.

PREDATORY BEHAVIOR OF THE CLERID BEETLE THANASIMUS DUBIUS (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE) ON THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Frazier ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
R. F. Mizell ◽  
W. H. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Handling Time ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

AbstractThe behavior of adults of clerid beetle Thanasimus dubius (F.) preying upon adult southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, in an arena in the laboratory is described by classifying the acts according to their consequences. A sequence of five stereotyped acts is performed by the predator: either searching or ambush, seizure of prey, alignment of prey, consumption of prey, and grooming. Handling time by the predator consists of the sums of the durations of the four acts of seizure through grooming, which was not significantly different for male and female predators, but was significantly longer for male prey (13.81 min) than for female prey (10.49 min). Consumption of prey (8–9 min) is the major component of handling time. Predators searched or waited in ambush an average of 5.8 mm before seizing a prey, and captured prey with an efficiency of 72%. Blinding predators had no significant effect on their efficiency at capturing prey. Maxillary and labial palpectomy alone or in combination significantly reduced efficiency of capture, and reduced numbers of prey consumed.

FIELD EVALUATION OF FENITROTHION FOR POST-ATTACK CONTROL OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE1

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
C. W. Berisford ◽  
U. E. Brady
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

One and 2% fenitrothion caused high mortality of southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann within billets removed from infested trees which had been sprayed. Mortality of beetles through 72 hours post-emergence was significantly higher than mortality of those which emerged from billets from lindane-treated trees. Although lindane is superior to fenitrothion for prevention of SPB attack, fenitrothion was more effective for remedial control.

Retention of External and Internal Markers by Southern Pine Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) During Gallery Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Rhodes ◽  
Jane Leslie Hayes ◽  
Chris Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Fluorescent Powder ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Marking Technique ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Internal Marker ◽  
Pine Beetles

If retained, markers used in mark-release-recapture studies of bark beetle dispersal could provide valuable tools in the determination of post-dispersal fate. Retention of the internal marker rubidium (Rb) and of the external marker fluorescent powder during egg gallery construction, oviposition, and feeding were quantified at intervals from 0 to 96 h by allowing marked Southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, to carry out these activities in untreated host material. Significant differences in Rb concentrations were found between fed and unfed Rb-marked beetles at all intervals after 12 h. Unfed Rb-marked beetles were detectable at all intervals, whereas reliable detection of fed Rb-marked beetles declined with time. Over 90% of fed southern pine beetle marked with fluorescent powder were detectably marked after 96 h, while less than 50% of the Rb-marked beetles were detectable after 72 h. Neither marking technique adversely affected the gallery length or number of eggs produced by marked beetles compared to unmarked beetles allowed to excavate for 96 h. Practical aspects of both techniques are considered.

VARIATION IN SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE ATTACK HEIGHT ASSOCIATED WITH PHORETIC UROPODID MITES

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn ◽  
J. J. Witcosky
Keyword(s):  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles

AbstractSouthern pine beetles (Dendroctonus frontalis) carrying phoretic Trichouropoda australis deutonymphs were caught in bucket traps baited with frontalin-alpha pinene at heights of 3, 6, and 9 m on the boles of loblolly pines. Of 8475 beetles collected, 36.3% carried uropodids or their pedicels. Beetles trapped at 3 m carried more pedicels than those trapped at 6 or 9 m, indicating that the flight of beetles is influenced by the presence of phoretic mites. Re-emerging parent beetles can be differentiated from brood adults by the color of the mite pedicels.

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