Influence of Selected Insecticides on the Population Dynamics of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Its Parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), in Cabbage

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis A. Hill ◽  
Rick E. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Diadegma Insulare ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Percent Parasitism

The effects of insecticides on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L)., and its parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Cresson), were evaluated in the field. Insecticides applied for control of the diamondback moth caused variations in parasitism by D. insulare ranging from 20 to 84%. Permethrin applications were effective at controlling diamondback moth. Applications of spinosad also resulted in low diamondback moth populations; however, percent parasitism was higher than in untreated plots and over 4× higher than in plots treated with permethrin. Selective materials that conserve D. insulare populations and maintain diamondback moth populations below economic thresholds may reduce the frequency of application, thus prolonging the efficacy of these materials.

Strip-intercropping canola with annual alfalfa improves biological control of Plutella xylostella (L.) and crop yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejman Tajmiri ◽  
Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi ◽  
Ali Golizadeh ◽  
Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Percent Parasitism ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Egg Density

AbstractThe population density of the diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostella(L.), the species diversity of its predators, parasitism on eggs, larvae and pupae, and associated yield of canola were evaluated in experimental plots where spring canola was grown either as a monoculture or strip-intercropped with annual alfalfa in the ratio of 3C:3A, 6C:3A and 9C:3A over a 2-year period. The egg density was significantly higher in monoculture than in intercrops. The highest and lowest densities of larvae and pupae of DBM were recorded in monoculture (2.9–3.2 larvae per plant and 1.14–1.20 pupae per plant) and intercrop 3C:3A (0.7–0.6 larvae per plant and 0.34–0.29 pupae per plant), respectively. Shannon diversity index (H') for species composition of the predators of DBM immature stages was lower in monoculture than in intercrops, and was similar amongst the three intercrops. Moreover, the percent parasitism for eggs, larvae and pupae was higher in intercrops than in monoculture. The dry seed weight loss was higher in monocrop (37.6–40.1%) compared to 3C:3A (7.9–8.6%), 6C:3A (19.5–21.4%) and 9C:3A (21.6–25.4%). Our results indicate that intercropping canola with annual alfalfa, especially in the ratio 3C:3A, can increase the species diversity, parasitism rates of DBM immature stages, and enhance the yield of canola. The implications of these findings, in relation to integrated pest management (IPM) in canola cropping systems, are discussed.

Phylogenetic placement and evidence for horizontal transfer of Wolbachia in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Batista ◽  
B. Andrew Keddie ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall ◽  
Harriet L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Insect Parasitoid ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Diadegma Insulare

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a global pest of cruciferous crops (Brassicaceae). It has developed resistance to virtually all known insecticides, and biological control has become an important management tool. In North America the parasitoid Diadegma insulare (Cresson) has been used successfully to reduce diamondback moth populations. We document the presence of the α-proteobacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia and its associated bacteriophage WO in P. xylostella and D. insulare and examine the phylogenetic relationships of Wolbachia and WO in both host species. Our results suggest that Wolbachia and WO have been horizontally transferred in this insect–parasitoid system in recent evolutionary history. Knowledge of the dynamics of Wolbachia in P. xylostella and D. insulare may be an important factor in future control of this pest in the field.

scholarly journals War of the wasps: is Diadegma insulare or Microplitis plutellae a more effective parasitoid of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella?

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamo Young
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Diadegma Insulare ◽  
Set Up

Parasitism levels by Diadegma insulare (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Microplitis plutellae (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) at various densities of their host, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), were assessed. Cages with densities of 10 hosts, 20 hosts, and 40 hosts were set up, with the cage volume (40 500 cm3) and number of wasps (2 females) remaining constant. The host populations were also exposed to the wasps for two different exposure times: 1 day and 3 days. The study showed that D. insulare was a better parasitoid overall, achieving a level of parasitism equal to or higher than M. plutellae at all densities. Microplitis plutellae performed best at a lower host density (76% ± 9% of 10 hosts vs. 43% ± 3% of 40 hosts). Diadegma insulare performed similarly at all densities tested (75% ± 5% of 10 hosts, 83% ± 4% of 20 hosts, and 79% ± 6% of 40 hosts). This suggests that D. insulare may be the better parasitoid overall and should be applied in severe, large-scale infestations, while M. plutellae may be better for small-scale infestations.

scholarly journals The Biology and Ecology of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) in Eastern Ontario Revisited

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Dancau
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a globally distributed pest on brassicaceous crops. This study aimed to follow up with aspects of earlier research, mainly to revisit the potential for overwintering of diamondback moth in the Ottawa area, to investigate present day population dynamics using a life-table approach and to use next generation sequencing to describe the diamondback moth microbiome. A review of the literature has reaffirmed that diamondback moth may not be capable of overwintering in Ottawa with populations likely migrant-driven. The population dynamics and parasitoid community appear to be unaltered after 65 years. The microbiome of diamondback moth larvae was dominated by Enterococcaceae, a family of bacteria hypothesized to aid in resistance and detoxification. This can provide opportunities for the introduction of new biological control agents and tools for diamondback moth management in the future.

Population dynamics of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in northern China: the effects of migration, cropping patterns and climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuhong Zhu ◽  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Shufa Zhang ◽  
Baoyun Xu ◽  
Youjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Cropping Patterns

scholarly journals Impact of an exotic parasitoid on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) population dynamics, damage and indigenous natural enemies in Kenya

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Löhr ◽  
R. Gathu ◽  
C. Kariuki ◽  
J. Obiero ◽  
G. Gichini
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Parasitoid Development ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies ◽  
Indigenous Parasitoids ◽  
Coast Region

AbstractDiadegma semiclausum (Hellén) (Hymenoptera: lchneumonidae), an exotic diamondback moth parasitoid, was released in two pilot areas (Werugha in Coast Region and Tharuni in Central Province) in Kenya. Fifteen month before release, observations on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), and local natural enemy population dynamics and pest damage were initiated in both areas and continued for three years after release. The P. xylostella population was bimodal with higher records during dry seasons. At Werugha, the peak population of P. xylostella was 16.8 per plant (October 2001); at Tharuni it was 12.8 (February 2002). Populations at Werugha declined from three months after release and decreased from 5.4 per plant (before release) to 0.8 (year 3 after release). Concurrently, average damage (1.9 to 1.5) (on a 0–5 scale), proportion of attacked plants (72 to 31%) and proportion of plants in damage group >2 (plants with head damage) decreased (21.4 to 5.3%), while total parasitism increased from 14.4 (before) to 52.5% (year 3 after release, 90% due to D. semiclausum). At Tharuni, D. semiclausum was only recovered 3 months after release. Average populations of P. xylostella declined from 5.9 per plant (before release) to 2.4 (year 3 after release) and damage scores from 2.3 to 1.7. The proportion of plants in damage group >2 declined from 39.7 to 4.5% while overall parasitism increased from 4.2 to 40.6% (98.3% by D. semiclausum). Four species of indigenous parasitoids (Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov), Apanteles sp. and Itoplectis sp., all primary parasitoids) were almost completely displaced by D. semiclausum. Possible reasons for the different parasitoid development between the two release areas and the displacement of the indigenous species are discussed.

Dynamics of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in cabbage under intercropping, biological control and Bt-based sprays

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Ángel L. González-Rodríguez ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cotesia Plutellae ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Companion Crop

A field study (1998-99) was conducted at the Juana Díaz Substation (AESUPR) to determine the population dynamics of Plutella xylostella (L.) in cabbage in a monoculture and in relay-type substitutive dicultures of cabbage/tomato or cabbage/wedelia. In 1998, subplots were created by spraying half of the main plots with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based products. All treatments, except for the control monoculture, were sprayed with Bt-based products in 1999. Cotesia plutellae Kurjumov, a larval parasitoid of P. xylostella, was released augmentatively for biological control. Tomato, as a companion crop, showed a tendency for reducing P. xylostella densities in cabbage, reduced the levels of C. plutellae parasitism and competed with cabbage, causing fewer and smaller heads. Bt-based sprays reduced P. xylostella densities, but these were at damaging levels at the critical stages of cupping and head formation, thus permitting cosmetic damage to cabbage heads. Cotesia plutellae did not regulate the P. xylostella population, thus resulting in parasitism levels of 65.3 and 11.6% in the unsprayed monoculture in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The legume Crotalaria juncea L. as a border did not improve parasitism by C. plutellae. The interpretation and application of the results are discussed. 

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