The Commercialization of Phase I Trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-128
Author(s):  
Jill A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phase I Trials ◽  
History Of

Shifting focus from the healthy volunteers to the clinics themselves, Chapter 4 provides a brief history of the Phase I industry to contextualize the opportunistic nature of many of the clinics that are currently operating in the United States. Clinics’ concerns about profitability and/or reputation lead to different investments in their facilities and staffing, which in turn result in a wide variation in experiences for healthy volunteers depending on where they enroll. In short, some clinics are perceived as state-of-the-art facilities that are comfortable and professional spaces, whereas others are rundown and have few amenities, indicating that participants’ needs are clearly not the priority. The material configurations of Phase I clinics communicate to healthy volunteers important messages about their safety and worth.

From the Beginning: The 40 Year History of NOAA’s Emergency Response Division

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2408-2431
Author(s):  
Mark Dix ◽  
Alan Mearns
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Over 40 Years

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Emergency Response Division’s success over 40 years draws on the nascent and sustained vision of its founders and the people that dedicated themselves to providing state of the art science in combatting oil spills and hazardous material releases. Lessons in research, development, partnership, reinvention, reorganization, and adaptation season the story that describes what is now the scientific touchstone in the United States’ maritime spill response vanguard. But the voyage to present day was (and is) not all smooth sailing. The scientists who built the unit and staffed it for decades recall the best, worst, and in between history of a small but highly influential division in the Federal government that helped pioneer spill science in the United States and internationally by responding to over 4,000 incidents. This retrospective highlights the genesis and growth of the 1970’s Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) and its evolution through Hazardous Materials Response Division (HMRD) to the now Emergency Response Division (ERD). The paper concludes with the vision of what growth areas lie ahead for the Division and oil spill response.

Selected Anticancer Drugs in Phase I Trials in the United States (1979–1980)

1981 ◽  
pp. 192-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Muggia ◽  
J. S. Penta ◽  
R. Catane ◽  
M. S. Jensen-Akula ◽  
L. M. Charles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phase I Trials

Review of A brief history of the United States.

1919 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

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