Quantum Size Effects Arising from Nanocomposites Physical Doping with Nanostructures Having High Electron Affinit

This article considers main problems in application of nanostructured materials in high technologies. Theoretical development and experimental verification of methods for creating and studying the properties of physically doped materials with spatially inhomogeneous structure on micro and nanometer scale are proposed. Results of studying 11 quantum size effects exposed to nanocomposites physical doping with nanostructures with high electron affinity are presented. Theoretical and available experimental data were compared in regard to creation of nanostructured materials, including those with increased strength and wear resistance, inhomogeneous at the nanoscale and physically doped with nanostructures, i.e., quantum traps for free electrons. Solving these problems makes it possible to create new nanostructured materials, investigate their varying physical properties, design, manufacture and operate devices and instruments with new technical and functional capabilities, including those used in the nuclear industry. Nanocrystalline structures, as well as composite multiphase materials and coatings properties could be controlled by changing concentrations of the free carbon nanostructures there. It was found out that carbon nanostructures in the composite material significantly improve impact strength, microhardness, luminescence characteristics, temperature resistance and conductivity up to 10 orders of magnitude, and expand the range of such components’ possible applications in comparison with pure materials, for example, copper, aluminum, transition metal carbides, luminophores, semiconductors (thermoelectric) and silicone (siloxane, polysiloxane, organosilicon) compounds