scholarly journals Bell, Colleen. 2011. The Security of Freedom: Governing Canada in the Age of Counter-Terrorism and Svendsen, Adam. 2010. Intelligence Cooperation and the War on Terror

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Walby ◽  
Alex Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Counter Terrorism

Bell, Colleen. 2011. The Security of Freedom: Governing Canada in the Age of Counter-Terrorism and Svendsen, Adam. 2010. Intelligence Cooperation and the War on Terror

Deterrence and Democracy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Falkenrath
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Democratic Societies ◽  
Global War ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
The Given

This chapter examines strategy and deterrence and traces the shift from deterrence by ‘punishment’ to deterrence by ‘denial’ in Washington’s conduct of the Global War on Terror. The former rested on an assumption that the consequences of an action would serve as deterrents. The latter may carry messages of possible consequences, but these are delivered by taking action that removes the capabilities available to opponents – in the given context, the Islamist terrorists challenging the US. Both approaches rest on credibility, but are more complex in the realm of counter-terrorism, where the US authorities have no obvious ‘return to sender’ address and threats to punish have questionable credibility. In this context, denial offers a more realistic way of preventing terrorist attacks. Yet, the advanced means available to the US are deeply ethically problematic in liberal democratic societies. However, there would likely be even bigger questions if governments failed to act.

scholarly journals Enter 9/11: Latin America and the Global War on Terror

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-573
Author(s):  
Markus-Michael Müller
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Global War

AbstractThis article offers an analysis of the transnational discursive construction processes informing Latin American security governance in the aftermath of 9/11. It demonstrates that the Global War on Terror provided an opportunity for external and aligned local knowledge producers in the security establishments throughout the Americas to reframe Latin America's security problems through the promotion of a militarised security epistemology, and derived policies, centred on the region's ‘convergent threats’. In tracing the discursive repercussions of this epistemic reframing, the article shows that, by tapping into these discourses, military bureaucracies throughout the Americas were able to overcome their previous institutional marginalisation vis-à-vis civilian agencies. This development contributed to the renaissance of counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism discourses and policies in the region, allowing countries such as Colombia and Brazil to reposition themselves globally by exporting their military expertise for confronting post-9/11 threats beyond the region.

scholarly journals Managing ‘dangerous populations’: How colonial emergency laws shape citizenship

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Berda
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Population Classification ◽  
Global War

This article traces the historical foundations of current security legislation as the matrix of citizenship. Examining Israel’s new Counter-Terrorism Law against the backdrop of security legislation in India, its main proposition is that these laws and their effects are rooted in colonial emergency regulations and the bureaucratic mechanisms for population control developed therein, rather than in the ‘global war on terror’. The article offers an organizational vantage point from which to understand the development of population-classification practices in terms of an ‘axis of suspicion’ that conflates ‘political risk’ with ‘security risk’. Through an account of the formalization of emergency laws, it explains the effects of colonial bureaucracies of security upon independent regimes seeking legitimacy as new democracies by tracing decisions regarding the use of an inherited arsenal of colonial and settler-colonial practices of security laws for population management, particularly mobility restrictions, surveillance and political control. One of the most important of these effects is the shaping of the citizenship of targeted populations by security laws.

scholarly journals The political use of victimhood: Spanish collective memory of ETA through the war on terror paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Charlotte Heath-Kelly ◽  
Laura Fernández de Mosteyrín
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
International War ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVictims have become a topic of scholarly debate in conflict studies, especially regarding the impact of their activism on the evolution and termination of violence. Victims of terrorism are now enlisted within counter-terrorism, given their moral authority as spokespeople for counter-narratives and de-escalation. Our research explores how Spanish terrorism victims’ associations have evolved across eras of political violence and how they mediate the translation of international War on Terror discourses into Spanish counter-terrorism. We offer a topography of how the War on Terror has opened a ‘social front’ in Spanish counter-terrorism, with Spanish political elites prominently employing the victims’ associations to this end. Contemporary terrorism discourses are read back onto the memory of ETA, with victims’ associations assisting the equation of ETA with al-Qaeda and ISIS. Collective memory of the defeat of ETA has also contributed the veneer of ‘lessons learned’ to contemporary counter-terrorism measures. Our research explores the fluidity of terrorism-memory and the importation of global terrorism discourses into Spanish politics, relying upon interviews with key stakeholders in victims’ associations, local politics, and the research director of the new Victims of Terrorism Memorial Centre in Vitoria.

scholarly journals Blurred lines and false dichotomies: Integrating counterinsurgency into the UK’s domestic ‘war on terror’

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwaan Sabir
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Military Doctrine ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
The People ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Policies And Practices

The UK’s counter-terrorism strategy (CONTEST) seeks to pursue individuals involved in suspected terrorism (‘Pursue’) and seeks to minimise the risk of people becoming ‘future’ terrorists by employing policies and practices structured to pre-emptively incapacitate and socially exclude them (‘Prevent’). This article demonstrates that this two-pronged approach is based on a framework of counterinsurgency; a military doctrine used against non-state actors that encourages, amongst other things, the blanket surveillance of populations and the targeting of propaganda at them. The use of counterinsurgency theory and practice in the UK’s ‘war on terror’ blurs the distinction between Pursue and Prevent, coercion and consent, and, ultimately, civilian and combatant. This challenges the liberal claim that counter-terrorism policies, especially Prevent, are about social inclusivity or ‘safeguarding’ and that the UK government is accountable to the people.

The War on Terror as a Business: Lessons from Kenya and the Somalia Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Horace G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Failed States ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Us Imperialism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Break Up

Abstract The documented evidence of the Kenyan military collaborating with the so-called forces of terror in Somalia to maintain their accumulation of approximately $400 million every year hardly made the international headlines as the leaders of Kenya have been rehabilitated into the ranks of those allied to US imperialism in waging a war on terror. There is an examination of the links between the US intelligence forces and the Kenyan cartels in keeping alive the terror threat in Somalia. Very few scholars have followed up on the revelations of the role of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in funding those who matured into what is now called terror groups in Somalia through the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism. The challenge for scholars for peace will be to penetrate the US Africa Command shibboleths on ‘failed states’ in order to work for a program of peace and reconstruction in Africa. In the conclusion, the paper will argue that the withdrawal of the Kenyan troops from Somalia and demilitarization of security will be a concrete step to break up the cartels that are in the business of terror.

Policing Kashmiri Brooklyn

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Rana
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Religion And Immigration

This chapter explains the arrest and incarceration of Kashmiri political activist Ghulam Nabi Fai and his connections to the Pakistani neighborhoods of Brooklyn. In so doing, the author accounts for the special significance of the so called War on Terror and its impact on American Muslims. The chapter explains how this expanded scale of policing stifles everyday forms of political organization and dissent. Because this involves non-state actors who are involved in liberationist nationalist activity, the notion of ‘terror’ itself is blurred and becomes a convenient scapegoat in a complex of criminalization and illegality of political acts of critique, debate, and the organization of funds. Thus, the FBI program of counter-terrorism builds upon legacies of surveillance, infiltration, and profiling based on intermingling notions of race, religion, and immigration.

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