scholarly journals A Syntactic Approach to Closure Operation

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Binary Relation ◽  
Complete Lattice ◽  
Closure Operation ◽  
Consequence Operation ◽  
Syntactic Approach

In the paper, tracing the traditional Hilbert-style syntactic account of logics, a syntactic characteristic of a closure operation defined on a complete lattice follows. The approach is based on observation that the role of rule of inference for a given consequence operation may be played by an ordinary binary relation on the complete lattice on which the closure operation is defined.

scholarly journals Discourse coherence: a case study of the French connector tandis que

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jadir
Keyword(s):  
Binary Relation ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Discourse Coherence ◽  
Discourse Model ◽  
Parallel Construction

This paper aims to explore the role of connectors in the degree of discourse coherence. Starting from Dik’s (1997: ch. 18) discourse model, I examine the extent to which connectors can adequately be accounted for in the theory of Functional Grammar through the study of the French particle tandis que. At the semantic level, tandis que is characterized as a circumstantial satellite marker be it locally or in a more global scope. As for pragmatic functions, it is argued that the Parallel Focus function singled out by tandis que can also be assigned to more than one element of a parallel construction when the contrast is not a binary relation. The last part of my paper is devoted to the textual functions of the discourse marker tandis que, which is relevant as a coherence-promoting device in introducing Topics or in signalling discourse discontinuity.

ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN L-FUZZY RELATIONAL EQUATIONS AND THE STUDY OF ITS SOLUTIONS BY MEANS OF THE L-FUZZY CONCEPT THEORY

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTINA ALCALDE ◽  
ANA BURUSCO ◽  
RAMÓN FUENTES-GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Complete Lattice ◽  
Fuzzy Relation ◽  
Fuzzy Relations ◽  
Fuzzy Relational Equations ◽  
Fuzzy Concept ◽  
Concept Theory

Given a Brouwerian complete lattice (L,≤) and two referential sets K and E, and using a fuzzy relation R ∈ LE×E which is reflexive and symmetric, certain fuzzy relations [Formula: see text] are characterized as solutions of X ⊲ R = X, proving that they play the role of the blocks in the context of crisp tolerance relations. Moreover, it is verified that these new fuzzy blocks [Formula: see text] can be determinated by means of the L-fuzzy concepts associated with the K -labeled L-fuzzy context (L,K,E,E,R).

scholarly journals Disjunctive Multiple-Conclusion Consequence Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Binary Relation ◽  
Galois Connection ◽  
Consequence Relations ◽  
Closure Operation ◽  
Consequence Relation ◽  
Power Set

The concept of multiple-conclusion consequence relation from [8] and [7] is considered. The closure operation C assigning to any binary relation r (dened on the power set of a set of all formulas of a given language) the least multiple-conclusion consequence relation containing r, is dened on the grounds of a natural Galois connection. It is shown that the very closure C is an isomorphism from the power set algebra of a simple binary relation to the Boolean algebra of all multiple-conclusion consequence relations.

Sublattices and Δ-blocks of orthomodular posets

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401-1423
Author(s):  
Ivan Chajda ◽  
Helmut Länger
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Binary Relation ◽  
Complete Lattice ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Orthomodular Poset ◽  
Orthomodular Lattices ◽  
Binary Operator ◽  
Orthomodular Posets ◽  
Finite Set

Abstract States of quantum systems correspond to vectors in a Hilbert space and observations to closed subspaces. Hence, this logic corresponds to the algebra of closed subspaces of a Hilbert space. This can be considered as a complete lattice with orthocomplementation, but it is not distributive. It satisfies a weaker condition, the so-called orthomodularity. Later on, it was recognized that joins in this structure need not exist provided the subspaces are not orthogonal. Hence, the resulting structure need not be a lattice but a so-called orthomodular poset, more generally an orthoposet only. For orthoposets, we introduce a binary relation $\mathrel \Delta$ and a binary operator $d(x,y)$ that are generalizations of the binary relation $\textrm{C}$ and the commutator $c(x,y)$, respectively, known for orthomodular lattices. We characterize orthomodular posets among orthogonal posets. Moreover, we describe connections between the relations $\mathrel \Delta$ and $\leftrightarrow$ (the latter was introduced by P. Pták and S. Pulmannová) and the operator $d(x,y)$. In addition, we investigate certain orthomodular posets of subsets of a finite set. In particular, we describe maximal orthomodular sublattices and Boolean subalgebras of such orthomodular posets. Finally, we study properties of $\Delta$-blocks with respect to Boolean subalgebras and distributive subposets they include.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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