scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE MUSCLE LAYERS OF SMALL INTESTINE IN THE SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME IN EXPERIMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
R. R. Khasanov ◽  
D. Svoboda ◽  
M. Kohl ◽  
Aytbai А. Gumerov ◽  
V. S. Vagapova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intestinal Adaptation ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Functions

Introduction. Patients with the short bowel syndrome often have intestinal dilatation which impairs intestinal functions. Changes in the muscle intestinal layers, which cause this condition, are not studied well yet. Purpose. To study the role of small intestine muscle layers in the intestinal adaptation and dilatation in the short bowel syndrome. Materials and methods. 22 rats were taken into the experimental trial; short bowel syndrome was modelled in 12 of them; 10 other rats which had only laparotomy were in the control group. The diameter and thickness of muscle layers in the small intestine and ileum were studied. Results. In the short bowel syndrome, one can observe a significant dilatation of the small intestine and ileum. Thickness of longitudinal and circular layers of the small intestine was significantly larger in rats with the short bowel syndrome in comparison to the control group. In the ileum, only the circular muscle layer was hypertrophied; there was no difference in the thickness of longitudinal muscle layer in rats with the short bowel syndrome and in rats from the control group. Conclusion. In rats with the short bowel syndrome, morphological changes occur not only in the mucous layer, but also in muscle layers of the small intestine what is manifested by the intestinal dilatation and hypertrophy of muscle layers. These changes are results of intestinal adaptation and are pathophysiological for the short bowel syndrome.

scholarly journals Biodistribution of the radiophamarceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) after massive small bowel resection in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dâmaso de Araújo Chacon ◽  
Irami Araújo-Filho ◽  
Arthur Villarim-Neto ◽  
Amália Cínthia Meneses Rêgo ◽  
Ítalo Medeiros Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Massive Resection ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Misleading Interpretation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biodistribution of sodium pertecnetate (Na99mTcO4) in organs and tissues, the morphometry of remnant intestinal mucosa and ponderal evolution in rats subjected to massive resection of the small intestine. METHODS: Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The short bowel (SB) group was subjected to massive resection of the small intestine; the control group (C) rats were not operated on, and soft intestinal handling was performed in sham rats. The animals were weighed weekly. On the 30th postoperative day, 0.l mL of Na99mTcO4, with mean activity of 0.66 MBq was injected intravenously into the orbital plexus. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed with an overdose of anesthetic, and fragments of the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, thyroid, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, muscle, femur and brain were harvested. The biopsies were washed with 0.9% NaCl.,The radioactivity was counted using Gama Counter WizardTM 1470, PerkinElmer. The percentage of radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was calculated. Biopsies of the remaining jejunum were analysed by HE staining to obtain mucosal thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in %ATI/g of the Na99mTcO4 in the organs of the groups studied (p>0.05). An increase in the weight of the SB rats was observed after the second postoperative week. The jejunal mucosal thickness of the SB rats was significantly greater than that of C and sham rats (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In rats with experimentally-produced short bowel syndrome, an adaptive response by the intestinal mucosa reduced weight loss. The biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 was not affected by massive intestinal resection, suggesting that short bowel syndrome is not the cause of misleading interpretation, if an examination using this radiopharmaceutical is indicated.

scholarly journals Serial transverse enteroplasty and nipple valve construction, two life saving techniques for patients with short bowel syndrome, a report of 5 cases

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Shafiekhani ◽  
Nazanin Azadeh ◽  
Kiarash Ashrafzadeh ◽  
Maryam Esmaeili ◽  
Hamed Nikoupour
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Adaptation ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Nipple Valve ◽  
Gastrointestinal Reconstruction ◽  
Serial Transverse Enteroplasty

Abstract Background Various abdominal pathologies end up with surgical resection of small intestine. When the small intestine remnant is too short for adequate fluid and micronutrients absorption, short bowel syndrome is diagnosed. The disabling condition needs a multidisciplinary approach to design parenteral nutrition, care for thrombotic, hepatic and infectious complications and gradually wean the patient from parenteral nutrition. Various surgical techniques have been introduced to increase absorptive mucosa and enhance the intestinal adaptation process. Serial transverse enteroplasty and nipple valve reconstruction are among the procedures, which will be discussed in the current article. Case presentation Herein, we presented 5 cases of short bowel syndrome as a consequence of abdominal laparotomies, patients were referred to our center to receive parenteral nutrition and to be prepared for the final autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction or intestinal transplantation, if indicated. Conclusion Patient’s age, performance status and bowel remnant length determines the appropriate technique for autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction. Serial transverse enteroplasty is designed to increase bowel’s length by creating zigzag patterns through dilated bowel loops. Presence of ileocecal valve is crucial to delay intestinal transit time and to prevent colonic bacterial transfer to ileum. Patient’s with ileocecal valve loss benefit from creating an artificial valve, namely, nipple valve.

scholarly journals Effect of subcutaneous insulin on intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Sukhotnik ◽  
Jorge Mogilner ◽  
Raanan Shamir ◽  
Naim Shehadeh ◽  
Jacob Bejar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Intestinal Adaptation ◽  
Subcutaneous Insulin ◽  
Short Bowel

scholarly journals Clinical case and short review of extreme short bowel syndrome: an update 21 years after

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Pasquale Mansueto ◽  
Aurelio Seidita ◽  
Salvatore Iacono ◽  
Antonio Carroccio
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Massive Resection ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Short bowel syndrome refers to the malabsorptive state caused by loss of significant portions of the small intestine, whose clinical framework is characterized by malnutrition, diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, and low-weight-related symptoms/signs. These clinical conditions seem to be related to the length of resection. Twenty-one years ago we reported the clinical case of an infant, who underwent a massive resection of the loops of the small intestine, of the cecum and of part of the ascending colon, due to intestinal malrotation with volvulus. The residual small intestine measured just 11 cm and consisted of the duodenum and a small part of jejunum, in the absence of the ileocecal valve, configuring the case of a <em>ultra-short bowel syndrome</em>. In this report, we update the case, reporting the patient succeeded to obtain a good weight gain and to conduct a quite normal lifestyle, despite the long-term consequences of such resection.

scholarly journals RARE CASE OF SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Azmaiparashvili G. აზმაიფარაშვილი გ. ◽  
Tomadze G. თომაძე გ. ◽  
Megreladze A. მეგრელაძე ა.
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Hepatic Flexure ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Extensive Resection ◽  
Short Bowel

Short bowel syndrome is characterized by malabsorption following extensive resection of the small bowel. It may occur after resection of more than 50% and is certain after resection of more than 70% of the small intestine, or if less than 100 cm of small bowel remains.  Successful postoperative management of short bowel syndrome has been discussed. Patient was operated because of cancer of hepatic flexure of large bowel with invasion in stomach, pancreas, retroperitoneal space, mesentery of small bowel. Right sided colectomy and excessive resection of small bowel with limphodissection was performed and only 80 cm of small bowel was left together with the left part of the colon. Ileotransversoanastomosis was performed. After the adequate course of chemotherapy and partial parenteral nutrition patient’s general condition became satisfactory. Patient started to gain weight. Adequate postoperative treatment determined postoperative period without surgical and nutritional complication.

scholarly journals First reported case of per anal endoscopic myectomy (PAEM): A novel endoscopic technique for resection of lesions with severe fibrosis in the rectum

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. E146-E150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rahni ◽  
Takashi Toyonaga ◽  
Yoshiko Ohara ◽  
Francesco Lombardo ◽  
Shinichi Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Rectal Tumor ◽  
Resection Margins ◽  
Submucosal Layer ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Tunneling Method ◽  
Severe Fibrosis

Background and study aims A 54-year-old man was diagnosed with a rectal tumor extending through the submucosal layer. The patient refused surgery and therefore endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was pursued. The lesion exhibited the muscle retraction sign. After dissecting circumferentially around the fibrotic area by double tunneling method, a myotomy was performed through the internal circular muscle layer, creating a plane of dissection between the internal circular muscle layer and the external longitudinal muscle layer, and a myectomy was completed.The pathologic specimen verified T1b grade 1 sprouting adenocarcinoma with 4350 µm invasion into the submucosa with negative resection margins.

Sodium nitrite, a potent relaxant of rat stomach fundus: in vitro evidence

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 989-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Ceregrzyn ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ozaki ◽  
Atsukazu Kuwahara ◽  
Maria Wiechetek
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Stomach Fundus

The effects of sodium nitrite (0.1, 1, 10 mM) on mechanical activity of isolated rat stomach fundus muscle and the influence of guanylate cyclase activity inhibitor (methylene blue) and channel inhibitors (tetrodotoxin, charybdotoxin, apamin) were studied. Nitrite evoked dose-dependent relaxation in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers. The lowest effective concentration of sodium nitrite was 0.1 mM, which is comparable with the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level). Tetrodotoxin (1 µM) markedly inhibited electrically induced contraction and rebound relaxation, but did not influence the nitrite-induced relaxation. Charybdotoxin (100 nM) decreased the relaxation evoked by 10 mM nitrite to 52.3 and 65.7% of control reaction in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer, respectively. Apamin (100 nM) did not influence the nitrite-induced relaxation. Methylene blue (10 µM) decreased relaxation induced by nitrite in the longitudinal and circular muscle layer, respectively, to 66.7 and 54.3% of the response to 1 mM nitrite alone. Relaxation induced by nitrite was decreased in the presence of L-cysteine (5 mM), and in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer reached 29.6 and 23.1%, respectively, of the response to 1 mM nitrite alone. We conclude that the relaxing effect of nitrite on gastric fundus results from its direct action on smooth muscle cells and probably the enteric nervous system is not involved in this action. The nitrite-elicited relaxation depends on activation of guanylate cyclase and high conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels; however, activation of potassium channels might be a part of or might act in parallel with the mechanism involving the cyclic GMP system. Effects of nitrite observed in the presence of L-cysteine suggest that nitrosothiols are not responsible for nitrite-evoked activation of guanylate cyclase.Key words: nitrite, gastric motility, tetrodotoxin, methylene blue, charybdotoxin, L-cysteine.

scholarly journals The comparison of the intestinal adaptation effects of subcutaneous and oral insulin in a rats with short bowel syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Tander ◽  
Ender Ariturk ◽  
Riza Rizalar ◽  
Omer Alici ◽  
Ferit Bernay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Adaptation ◽  
Oral Insulin ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Adaptation Effects

Short Bowel Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Burakoff ◽  
Alison Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Intestinal Atresia ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Vascular Insufficiency

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a state of malabsorption resulting from physical or functional loss of large portions of the small intestine, and is the most common cause of intestinal failure. The average length of a human’s small intestine is between 3 and 8 m, depending on the type of measurements made (surgical, radiologic, or autopsy); SBS occurs when less than 200 cm of small bowel remains. SBS may be congenital (intestinal atresia) or acquired. Physical losses usually occur from surgical resection for Crohn disease (CD), vascular insufficiency, radiation, malignancy, trauma, or volvulus. The site of intestinal resection helps to determine the degree of intestinal capacity. Functional losses, on the other hand, are less common and occur in the setting of a nonfunctioning, but intact, small intestine. Examples include radiation enteritis, congenital defects, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications, and prognosis of SBS. A figure shows sites of intestinal nutrient absorption. A table lists potential complications of SBS in patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). This review contains 1 highly rendered figure, 1 table, and 67 references. 

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