scholarly journals CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF AIDS-ASSOCIATED CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Alyona Borisovna Konkova-Reidman ◽  
A. A. Veksei ◽  
N. V. Smirnova ◽  
O. A. Pischulova
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

Introduction Currently, cryptococcosis is among the three most life-threatening opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Materials and methods. The analysis of cases of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients in the world, the Russian Federation and the Chelyabinsk region using the methods of descriptive and analytical epidemiology. Two clinical cases of verified cryptococcosis were analyzed in detail in patients in the phase of HIV infection progression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Results. The manifestation of the disease was observed in the phase of progression of HIV infection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy with low immune status of patients (CD4 + lymphocyte level less than 100 cells in 1 μl of blood). The diagnosis is verified on the basis of a complex of clinical, instrumental, biochemical, immunological and mycological methods. Successful courses of treatment with antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole. Conclusions. The definition of cryptococcal antigen is not a method for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment due to its long-term persistence in CSF and serum, even with successful treatment. Prescribing antiretroviral therapy significantly increases the effectiveness of cryptococcosis treatment. In AIDS patients, antifungal therapy is stopped only after effective for 3-6 months ART (the number of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood is more than 100-200 cells/μl).

scholarly journals CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF AIDS-ASSOCIATED CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF THE PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Alyona Borisovna Konkova-Reidman ◽  
A. A. Veksei ◽  
N. V. Smirnova ◽  
O. A. Pischulova
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

Introduction Currently, cryptococcosis is among the three most life-threatening opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Materials and methods. The analysis of cases of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients in the world, the Russian Federation and the Chelyabinsk region using the methods of descriptive and analytical epidemiology. Two clinical cases of verified cryptococcosis were analyzed in detail in patients in the phase of HIV infection progression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Results. The manifestation of the disease was observed in the phase of progression of HIV infection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy with low immune status of patients (CD4 + lymphocyte level less than 100 cells in 1 μl of blood). The diagnosis is verified on the basis of a complex of clinical, instrumental, biochemical, immunological and mycological methods. Successful courses of treatment with antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole. Conclusions. The definition of cryptococcal antigen is not a method for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment due to its long-term persistence in CSF and serum, even with successful treatment. Prescribing antiretroviral therapy significantly increases the effectiveness of cryptococcosis treatment. In AIDS patients, antifungal therapy is stopped only after effective for 3-6 months ART (the number of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood is more than 100-200 cells/μl).

Multiple opportunistic AIDS-associated disorders strictly related to immunodeficiency levels, in a girl with congenital HIV infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 638-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Manfredi ◽  
Leonardo Calza ◽  
Francesco Chiodo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Highly Active

A 16-year-old girl with vertical HIV disease treated since birth suffered from six different AIDS-defining disorders until now. Even during the highly active antiretroviral therapy, multiple AIDS-related opportunistic infections may complicate the course of long-term congenital HIV disease, showing a strict relationship with immunological deterioration, which occurs shortly after virologic failure, due to an extensive genotypic resistance to all available antiretroviral compounds.

scholarly journals PULMONARY TB WITH CONCOMITANT MYCOBACTERIOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH LATE-STAGE HIV INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Mishin ◽  
A. V. Mishina ◽  
A. E. Ergeshov ◽  
V. V. Romanov ◽  
A. L. Sobkin
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Visceral Pleura ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Radiological Studies

We studied social status, clinical and radiological manifestations, microbiological and immunological peculiarities in 26 latestage HIV infection patients with pulmonary TB and concomitant mycobacteriosis. They all had CD4+ lymphocyte counts less than 30 cells/μL of blood, did not receive antiretroviral therapy, and excreted both M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Identification of NTM species was based on molecular genetic methods. We found M. avium complex in 84,6%, M. kansasii — in 7,7%, M. fortuitum — in 3,8% and M. xenopi — in 3,8% of the patients. The disease manifested 6–9 years after diagnosing HIV infection; it had pronounced intoxication syndrome, bronchopulmonary and extrapulmonary presentations and was accompanied by other opportunistic infections. Radiological studies revealed intrathoracic adenopathy, dissemination with predominant localization in the middle and lower lung departments, foci and small infiltrates with cavities; injury of interlobar and visceral pleura.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients Who Undergo ARV Therapy in Maccini Clinic Makassar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Yusuf Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: AIDS is a collection of symptoms caused by a variety of microorganisms and other ferocity due to the decreased resistance/immunity of the patient.GlobalAIDS epidemicshowsthatthereare34millionpeoplewithHIVworldwide.InSoutheastAsia, there are approximately 4 million people with HIV. HIV infection in humans has a long incubation period (5-10 years), and then the patient can be called as people living with HIVHIVcausesimmunedeficiencysothatthepatientsarevulnerabletoopportunistic infection attack. Antiretroviral (ARV) could be given the patients to stop a virus and restoring the immune system, reduce the occurrence of opportunistic infections, improve the quality of life and decrease disability. Objectives: This study aims to explore the Multidimensional Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS patients in Maccini Clinic Makassar. Methods:Phenomenological study conducted to explore the experiences of informants related to the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients who have antiretroviral therapy. Ten informants selected based on inclusion criteria using purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and analysis with the aid of N Vivo software version 10. Results: The results of this study shows that after having antiretroviral therapy, HIV/AIDS patients have increased in physical, psychological, social, functional, environmental, spiritual, and sexual dimensions. Conclusions: The dimension that gives most inreasing of the quality of life in HIV patients was physical dimension.  

Correlation between total and CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV infection: not making the good an enemy of the not so perfect

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Beck ◽  
E J Kupek ◽  
M M Gompels ◽  
A J Pinching
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
T Cell Subset ◽  
Total Lymphocyte ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation and average cost of total lymphocyte count compared with CD4 count as a broad estimate of immunosuppression in HIV-1 infected individuals. Spearman's partial rank correlation were calculated between total lymphocyte count, absolute CD4 count and CD4 per cent stratified by stage of HIV-1 infection for routinely collected samples. Data were collected prospectively from a T cell-subset register combined with clinical data obtained retrospectively from case notes of HIV-infected patients managed at St Mary's Hospital, London 1982-1991. Costing data were obtained through a survey of the departments of haematology and immunology 1989 90 prices . The correlation between 1534 paired absolute lymphocyte count and CD4 lymphocyte count was found to be high R 0.76 . When analysed by stage of HIV infection, the correlation increased from R 0.64 for asymptomatic patients, to R 0.72 for patients with symptomatic non-AIDS HIV infection and R 0.73 for AIDS patients. Correlations between absolute lymphocyte count and CD4 per cent were considerably weaker: R 0.41 all paired counts; R 0.32 for asymptomatic patients; R 0.25 for symptomatic non-AIDS patients; R 0.32 for AIDS patients. Average cost was 8 per full blood count compared with 38 per T-cell subset analysis. The high correlation between total and CD4 lymphocyte counts, especially for patients with symptomatic HIV disease, demonstrates the suitability of the use of total lymphocyte count in the absence of CD4 counts. Given the considerably lower prices of total lymphocyte counts compared with T-cell subset analysis, this is particularly relevant for developing countries.

HIV: disorders of the eye

2019 ◽  
pp. 513-522
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Acute Retinal Necrosis ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ophthalmic Manifestations ◽  
Wide Availability

Although the incidence of ocular complications of HIV declined significantly with the wide availability of effective antiretroviral therapy, they are still important and require close collaboration between the HIV physician and the ophthalmologists. This chapter describes the ophthalmic manifestations of HIV infection, tabulated according to the anatomy of the eye. HIV-related conditions and opportunistic infections are described. Particular reference and details are given to important eye infections, such as CMV retinitis, ophthalmic herpes zoster, acute retinal necrosis, and progressive outer retinal necrosis.

Late Onset Hepatitis and Prolonged Deterioration in Hepatic Function Associated with Nevirapine Therapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Clarke ◽  
P Harrington ◽  
C Condon ◽  
D Kelleher ◽  
O P Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

The aetiology of hepatic dysfunction in patients with HIV infection is multifactorial. Re-activation of hepatitis C infection, drug toxicity, and opportunistic infections are all potential causes. Nevirapine (NVP) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used as part of combination antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. It is associated with a significant incidence of hepatotoxicity, usually occurring in the initial month of therapy. We report the case of a 49-year-old man who developed NVP-induced prolonged hepatotoxicity 5 months after commencing antiretroviral therapy.

Long-term methadone treatment: effect on CD4+ lymphocyte counts and HIV-1 plasma RNA level in patients with HIV infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Do Quang-Cantagrel ◽  
Mark S. Wallace ◽  
Neil Ashar ◽  
Christopher Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Plasma Rna ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV Infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Kannan ◽  
Harrison Taylor ◽  
William Tyor
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy

This chapter focuses on four common opportunistic infections of the nervous system associated with HIV infection, namely cryptococcal infection, cytomegalovirus infection, progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, and toxoplasmosis. Essential features of neurobiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup, clinical management, and outcome are discussed for each condition. Although combined antiretroviral therapy for HIV has generally reduced the incidence of these complications of HIV infection, they remain important considerations, especially in areas in which antiretrovirals are unavailable or have limited availability.

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